Intro to Motor Learning for Exercise Instruction Flashcards
1
Q
Difference between performance & learned behavior
A
- Performance: only acquisition of the task behavior
- Learned task: acquisition & retention of the task behavior
2
Q
Describe adaptive learning
A
- movements that minimize large or inappropriately oriented loads on joints
- minimize energy cost
- reduce musculoskeletal stress
3
Q
Describe maladaptive learning
A
- abnormal movements
- compensations/repeated pain avoidance strategies
- abnormal/augmented muscle co-activations
4
Q
Difference between knowledge of results and knowledge of performance
A
- Results: external feedback regarding the end of the movement
- Performance: external feedback regarding the patients movement pattern
5
Q
Difference between intrinsic feedback and extrinsic feedback
A
- Intrinsic: feedback comes from the patient
- Extrinsic: feedback comes form the therapist
6
Q
When does adaptive learning begin
A
- when the movement & outcomes match a non-threatening manner
7
Q
Difference between discrete, serial, and continuous tasks
A
- Discrete: task has a recognizable beginning & end (grasp object, kick ball, doing a push up)
- Serial: series of discrete movements that are combined in a particular sequence (feeding yourself, tying shoes)
- Continuous: repetitive, uninterrupted movements that have no distinct beginning or ending (walking, steps, cycling)
8
Q
Gentiles taxonomy 4 task dimensions to progress motor tasks
A
- Environmental dimension: open (objects around the person or the surface they are on move) or closed (objects around the person or the surface they are on does not move)
- Intertrial variability: unchanging task/environment (no intertribal variability/simple) or changing task/environment (intertribal variability is present/complex)
- Body stable or transport: stationary position or moving from one place to another
- Manipulation of objects: with manipulation or without manipulation
9
Q
Describe the cognitive stage of motor learning
A
- must concentrate on task & think
- starting to understand the task & “get a feel”
- lots of errors, starts to learn incorrect & correct form
- augmented feedback usually needed
- Instructional strategies: start in closed environment, break complex movements into parts, & provide frequent positive feedback
10
Q
Describe the associative phase of motor learning
A
- more consistent movement patterns with fewer errors
- organized & refines movements based on feedback
- less dependent on augmented feedback
- uses cues from environment, anticipates errors before they occur
- Instructional strategies: high reps with a variety of movements, increase the complexity of the task, & allow independent practice for the patient
11
Q
Describe the autonomous stage of motor learning
A
- can dual task/multi-task with ease
- applies learned strategies to more difficult tasks/environments
- quicker & requires less energy
- not limited by cognitive burden
12
Q
What is the most ideal practice schedule for fast skill acquisition & retention
A
- blocked/random
13
Q
Difference between part & whole practice schedule
A
- Part: master individual segments of the whole task then put it all together
14
Q
Difference between blocked, random, & random blocked practice schedule
A
- Blocked: same task, same series, same conditions, same order
- Random: slight variation of the same task, unpredictable order
- Random blocked: combine the 2 strategies, practice random tasks for several reps then changes to a new task
15
Q
Define mental practice
A
- a cognitive rehearsal of how a motor task is to be performed occurs prior to actually executing the task; the terms visualization & motor imagery practice are used synonymously with mental practice
