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Science 8 (22-23 All Units) > E.1 Earth Systems, Structures & Processes > Flashcards

E.1 Earth Systems, Structures & Processes Flashcards

1
Q

the tendency of water to stick to other substances

A

Adhesion

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2
Q

the ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object that is immersed in the fluid

A

Buoyancy

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3
Q

the process that moves water through a narrow porous space

A

Capillary Action

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4
Q

the attractive force between water molecules

A

Cohesion

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5
Q

the force that acts on the particles at the surface of a material

A

Surface Tension

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6
Q

the process of warm air cooling as it rises and releasing moisture in the form of a liquid

A

Condensation

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7
Q

the process by which a liquid is changed into a vapor from the surface by gaining energy

A

Evaporation

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8
Q

water located below Earth’s surface in aquifers

A

groundwater

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9
Q

the portion of the Earth that contains water; all the water on the earth

A

Hydrosphere

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10
Q

does not allow water to move through

A

Impermeable

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11
Q

water that seeps into rocks and between particles of soil; see percolation

A

Infiltration

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12
Q

the downward movement of water through pores and other spaces in soil due to gravity

A

Percolation

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13
Q

having pores or openings that allow water (or other liquids) to flow through them

A

permeable

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14
Q

the rain, snow, sleet or hail that falls from clouds onto the Earth’s land and oceans

A

Precipitation

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15
Q

is precipitation that flows over land into streams and rivers.

A

Runoff

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16
Q

water found on the surface of the Earth

A

Surface Water

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17
Q

water vapor given off by plant photosynthesis via water vapor through the pores in the leaves (stomata)

A

Transpiration

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18
Q

an underground layer of rock or soil that holds water

A

Aquifer

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19
Q

a well in which water rises because of pressure within aquifer from water above

A

Artesian Well

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20
Q

a long period of scarce rainfall

A

Drought

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21
Q

For Raleigh -the Neuse River Basin

A

Ecological Address

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22
Q

a large mass of moving ice and snow on land

A

Glaciers

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23
Q

the study of water

A

Hydrology

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24
Q

a glacier forming on an extensive area of relatively level land and flowing outward from its center; ex. Greenland or Antarctica

A

Icecaps

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25
Q

a large floating mass of freshwater ice detached from a glacier

A

Icebergs

26
Q

a man made lake that stores water for human use

A

Reservoir

27
Q

the region of land drained by a large river and its tributaries

A

River Basin

28
Q

the land area that supplies water to a river system from smaller areas

A

Watershed

29
Q

land area that is covered with a shallow layer of water during some or all of the year

A

Wetland

30
Q

the change in depth of the ocean due to the moon’s and sun’s gravitational pull of the water on earth

A

Tides

31
Q

a disturbance in ocean water caused by wind

A

Ocean Wave

32
Q

a seismic sea wave

A

Tsunami

33
Q

a circulation or movement of water due to the winds; warm or cool

A

Surface Current

34
Q

an underwater circulation or movement of water due to changes in the water’s density (salinity; temperature); cold

A

Deep Current

35
Q

the movement of water (a river of water and sand) parallel to the beach caused by waves striking the beach at an angle

A

longshore current/drift

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bfzAeQXhSGk

36
Q

the quick movement of water offshore due to a break in an offshore sandbar; caused many swimmers to drown each year

A

Rip Current or Rip Tide

37
Q

mostly flat portion of ocean floor which provides a home to a variety of unique organisms that are adapted to the extreme conditions of this habitat

A

abyssal plain

38
Q

lowest layer of the ocean, where light does not reach.

A

Aphotic Zone (a-photic = no-light)

39
Q

organisms that live on or in the ocean floor.

A

Benthos

40
Q

the production of non-thermal light by creatures’ converting chemical energy to light energy to lure prey, attract a mate, or assist in keeping like species together. An estimated 75 percent of benthic creatures glow

A

Bioluminescence

41
Q

extends from the edge of the continent outward to where the bottom sharply drops off into a steep slope.

A

Continental Shelf

42
Q

the steep incline between the continental shelf and the abyssal plain.

A

Continental Slope

43
Q

body of water where a river meets the ocean

A

Estuary

44
Q

the area that lies between the low-tide and the high-tide line.

A

Intertidal Zone

45
Q

a chain of undersea mountains that circles the earth through every ocean at diverging tectonic plate boundaries

A

Mid-Ocean Ridge

46
Q

free-swimming organisms whose movements are independent of the tides, currents, and waves.

A

Nekton

47
Q

the first 200 meters (656 feet) of ocean water, which includes the seashore and most of the continental shelf.

A

Neritic Zone

48
Q

extends from 200 meters (656 feet) deep all the way down to the bottom of the ocean.

A

Oceanic Zone

49
Q

the deepest parts of the ocean

A

Ocean trench

The deepest one is the Marianas Trench (located in the South Pacific Ocean - almost 5 miles (8.05 kilometers) deep.

50
Q

the top layer of the ocean where sunlight penetrates, above 200 meters

A

Photic Zone

51
Q

the plant and algae component of the plankton; the primary producers of most ocean food webs

A

Phytoplankton

52
Q

the amount of dissolved solids in seawater approximately 35 parts per thousand

A

Salinity

53
Q

the upward movement to the ocean surface of deeper, cold and usually nutrient-rich waters, especially along some shores, due to the offshore movement of surface waters

A

Upwelling

54
Q

a device used to determine depth by sound waves.

A

Echo sounder

55
Q

a unit of measure for ocean depth. This unit is 6 feet (1.83 meters).

A

Fathom

56
Q

the study and exploration of the world’s ocean.

A

Oceanography

57
Q

unmanned submersible tethered to a mother ship and operated by pilots using a joy stick.

A

ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle)

58
Q

device that allows divers to breathe underwater for long periods of time.

A

Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus (Scuba)

59
Q

used to measure ocean depth by sending sound to bounce off the ocean floor

A

SONAR - SOund NAvigationRanging

60
Q

a small submarine used to explore the ocean depths; equipped with windows, lights, mechanical arms, cameras and other scientific instruments capable of seeing and recording data

A

Submersible

Science 8 (22-23 All Units) (10 decks)

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