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BMSC 210 > Lecture 8: Cellular Division & Specalization > Flashcards

Lecture 8: Cellular Division & Specalization Flashcards

1
Q

how do bacteria divide?

A

binary fission

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2
Q

what does binary fission mean?

A

1 cell becomes 2 cells

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3
Q

DnaA must be ( ) once ( ) is started

A

inactivated, replication

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4
Q

what is the outcome after 10 mins of replication?

A

only 1 parent strand is methylated & the new strand is not

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5
Q

what does hemimethylation mean?

A

1 of the 2 is methylated

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6
Q

what are the 3 steps of cellular division?

A
  1. replication
  2. segregation
  3. division
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7
Q

what system does Caulobacter use?

A

par system

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8
Q

what does partitioning do?

A

helps divide chromosome to each cell

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9
Q

Par A vs Par B

A

Par B- anchors old chromosome to 1 pole
Par A- pulls new chromosome to other pole

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10
Q

what is the function of the divisome?

A

initiates division

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11
Q

what are Fts

A

cell division proteins

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12
Q

what is ftsZ made of?

A

tubulin

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13
Q

what is FtsA made of?

A

actin

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14
Q

what does FtsI do?

A

peptidoglycan synthesis

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15
Q

what is FtsI inhibited by?

A

penicillin

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16
Q

what is the division septum formed by?

A

Z ring

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17
Q

what proteins prevent Z ring formation & keeps Z rings away?

A

min proteins

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18
Q

what does MreB do?

A

maintain cell shape & recuiting RodA

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19
Q

what is the elongasome?

A

protein that allows cells to be enlongated

20
Q

what does an absence of MreB cause?

A

coccus/rounded shape

21
Q

what shape does Caulobacter form?

A

vibrio

22
Q

what does crescentin do?

A

helps create curve of cell

23
Q

How do you insert new peptioglycan during the cell growth process?

A

different shapes & insertions

24
Q

where are Rod shaped bacteria inserted?

A

length of the cell

25
Q

where does polar growth occur?

A

pole & then septum

26
Q

where is cocci-shaped bacteria formed?

A

away from Z ring

27
Q

what is a ghost cells?

A

formed cell without DNA/no chromosome

28
Q

How long are the replication and generation process in E.Coli?

A

replication- 40 mins
generation- 20 mins

29
Q

What type of division is sporulation?

A

asymmetric

30
Q

what type of bacteria does sporulation occur in?

A

gram positive only

31
Q

what conditions do spore form under?

A

unfavourable conditions

32
Q

what are the 2 components of regulatory systems?

A
  1. sensor histidine kinase
  2. response regulator
33
Q

what does sensor histidine kinase do?

A

senses stimuli/environment and passes it onto regulator

34
Q

what does response regulator do?

A

phosphorylation to change conformation

35
Q

what is the main function of regulatory systems?

A

transfer phosphate to regulator

36
Q

what are the 7 steps of the sporulation cycle?

A
  1. asymmetric cell division
  2. engulfment
  3. late sporulation
  4. maturation
  5. mother cell lysis
  6. germination
  7. growth
37
Q

what 2 sigma factors are in the spore?

A

F & G

38
Q

what 2 sigma factors are in the mother cell?

A

E & K

39
Q

Active Spo0A leads to…

A

toxic release

40
Q

what is a biofilm?

A

attached cell community enclosed in a self-induced matrix

41
Q

is biofilm a target of antibiotics?

A

no, so they are difficult to treat

42
Q

what is Quorum sensing?

A

how bacteria talk through sensors

43
Q

what is the autoinducer?

A

talking/signal molecule

44
Q

what does AHL do?

A

inhibits priming

45
Q

what is AI-2?

A

cyclic furan derivative

46
Q

what is a riboswitch

A

RNA that acts as a repressor

47
Q

what are 2 things riboswitches can block?

A

ribsome binding & RNA polymerase

BMSC 210 (16 decks)

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