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tear & care > Lecture 3 - Emergency Procedures (cont'd) > Flashcards

Lecture 3 - Emergency Procedures (cont'd) Flashcards

1
Q

steps in a spinal injury assessment

A

STABILIZE AND DO NOT MOVE THEM
- pain location
- body scan
- tingling and/or numbness into extremities
- sensation testing
- motor response (wiggle hands and toes then pump wrists and ankles)
- strength test
- activate EAP?
- monitor vitals until EMS comes

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2
Q

How to test myotomes of lower extremities

A

resisted holds with 5 second holds resistance
L4 - pull sole out
L5 - push foot into PF
S1 - push soles together

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3
Q

Testing dermatomes of the upper extremities

A

touch both sides at the same time if possible
C5 - lateral aspect of the upper arm
C6 - Lateral aspect of forearm, going down to thumb
C7 - Middle finger
C8 - medial hand and forearm
T1 - medial aspect of the arm
T2 - armpit

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4
Q

testing dermatomes of the lower extremities

A

L4 - Medial aspect of foot
L5 - Web of big toe
S1 - lateral aspect of foot

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5
Q

how to test myotomes in the upper extremity

A

C5 - resist bicep flexion or shoulder abduction
C6 - resist wrist extension
C7 - resist pulling fingers out
C8 - resist wrist flexion (limp wrist

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6
Q

what is a stinger/burner injury?

A

Burners and stingers are injuries that occur when nerves in the neck and shoulder are stretched or compressed (squeezed together) after an impact
Presents as…
- unilateral radiating pain, burning/parasthesia (burning and tingling) in upper extremity with possible weakness
- usually in C5-C6
- lasts seconds to minutes
Method of injury…
- traction
- impingement

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7
Q

how to distinguish a spinal injury from a stinger

A

see slide 56

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8
Q

what to do if the athlete is unconscious

A
  • shake and shout
  • do not move the athlete (control the athlete)
  • ABCs
  • always suspect a spinal and head injury
  • CPR?
  • AED?
    if no pulse/breathing then you to do CPR with CAB, activate EMS and use the AED
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9
Q

what does CPR and CAB stand fore

A

CPR
- cardiopulmonary resuscitation
CAB
- Compressions
- airway
- breathing

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10
Q

what to do in the event of a fracture

A
  • stabilize the athlete (control the athlete)
  • support the injured limb or area
  • split
  • activate EAP
  • monitor vitals signs, treat for shock
  • Ottawa knee and ankle rules
  • extreme boney tenderness
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11
Q

ottawa KNEE rules

A

determines the need for radiographs after acute knee injury; test is done after 7 days
get and X-Ray if any of these criteria are met
- if patient is 55 or older
- isolated tenderness of the patella
- tenderness at the head of the fibula
- unable to flex knee 90deg
- can’t weight bear (4 steps) both immediately and in the emergency department

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12
Q

ottawa ANKLE rules

A

determines the need for radiographs after acute knee injury
- can’t weight bear (malleolar pain)
- tenderness of the medial or lateral malleolus

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13
Q

what to do if theres a severe laceration

A
  • control athlete
  • apply direct pressure with gauze (DO NOT REPLACE BLOOD SOAKED GAUSE, add more on top)
  • monitor vital signs
  • treat for shock
  • activate EAP
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14
Q

vital areas

A
  • eyes
  • ears
  • abdomen (organs)
  • major arterial supply
  • airway
  • reproductive area
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15
Q

what happens if theres a contusion to vital areas

A
  • control athlete
  • suspect internal bleeding
  • signs of shock
  • soft tissue tender, swollen or firm
  • discolouration of the skin
  • examine
  • if severe then activate EAP immediately, if minor (i.e. in muscle) apply ice
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16
Q

characteristics of shock

A

shock is a life threatening medical condition from insufficient blood supply to the body
- can lead to hypoxia, tissue necrosis, heart attack, and organ damage
- requires immediate medical attention

17
Q

S/S of Shock

A

Common symptoms
- rapid, shallow breathing
- cold, clammy skin
- rapid, weak pulse
- dizziness or fainting
- weakness
Other symtoms
- eyes appear to stare
- anxiety or agitation
- seizures
- confusion or unresponsiveness
- low or no urine output
- bluish lip and fingernails (cyanosis)
- sweating
- chest pain

18
Q

list the types of shock

A

anaphylactic shock
- hypersensitivity or allergic reaction (allergy, insect bite, medicine, food)
septic shock
- bacteria in the blood and releasing toxins
- can be caused by many different infections
Cardiogenic
- heart is damaged and is unable to deliver sufficient amounts of blood to the heart and body
Neurogenic
- spinal cord injury, usually as a result of traumatic accident or injury
Hypovolemic shock
- severe loss of blood and fluid in the body

19
Q

how to manage shock

A
  • activate EAP
  • stay with the athlete
  • check ABC, administer CPR if compromised/not normal
  • maintain normal body temp
  • control athlete
  • elevate feet
  • do not give fluids even if the person is thirsty
  • manage any additional injuries
20
Q

S/S of HEAT related injuries/conditions

A

Heat cramps
- spasm of muscle due to fluid and electrolyte loss
- S/S muscle contractions, usually in legs and abdomen
Heat Exhaustion
- most common form of heat illness
- S/S normal to slightly increased temp, exhaustion, cool, MOIST, pale skin, headache
Heat Stroke
- S/S high temp, red, hot, DRY skin, LOC, rapid weak pulse and rapid shallow breathing

21
Q

how to manage heat related injuries

A
  • cool the body, give fluids, minimize shock, provide ongoing care
  • heat stroke? Activate EMS
22
Q

S/S of COLD related injuries/illness

A

Frostbite
- freezing of body tissue
- S/S lack of feeling, waxy skin, cold to the touch and discoloured
Hypothermia
- entire body cools, may result in death
- S/S shivering, slow, irregular pulse, numbness, glassy stare, apathy and declining LOC, changes in skin colour, slowly responding pupils

23
Q

how to manage cold related injuries/illness

A

gradually warm the area/body, minimize shock
- hypothermia? activate EMS, provide ongoing care

24
Q

peripheral joint Ax

A
  • history of symptoms (what, where, how)
  • active (ROM and pain levels)/ Passive (non contractile)/resisted (contractile
  • activate EAP?
  • ask athlete if they can get up (protect, support, control)
  • help athlete off the feild
  • re-assess
25
Q

sideline peripheral joint Ax

A
  • history (LODRFICARA)
  • observations
    *skin colour, bruising
  • temp
  • deformities, swelling, atrophy, hypertrophy
  • test ROM (ROM testing helps to narrow down structures are injured and you can isolate the structure that is suspected of being injured)
  • Active
    > athlete does movement without therapist
    > assesses ROM and pain vs uninjured side
  • Passive
    > therapist moves athletes joint through ROM
    > stabilize above and below the joint in question
    > assess ROM, quality of movement, apprehension to movement and pain
  • Resisted
    > isometric contraction (hold 5 secs)
    > test muscle strength and contractile tissues
  • special tests
    *palpations

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