Atypical sex chromosome patterns Flashcards
Atypical sex chromosome patterns
Any sex chromosome pattern that deviates from the usual XX/XY formation and which tends to be associated with a distinct pattern of physical and psychological symptoms
Klinefelter’s syndrome
A syndrome affecting males in which an individuals genotype has an extra X chromosome, characterised by a tall thin physique, small infertile testes, and enlarged breasts
Klinefelter’s syndrome physical characteristics
- Reduced body hair
- Breast development
- Softening/rounding body contours
- Long gangly limbs
- Underdeveloped genitals
- Co-odination problems
- General clumsiness
Klinefelter’s syndrome psychological characteristics
- Poor language skills
- Poor reading abilities
- Passive and shy
- Poor memory and problem solving abilities
- Do not respond well to stressful situations
Who does Klinefelter’s affect
Male
What are chromosome patterns for someone with Klinefelters
XXY
Turner’s syndrome
A chromosomal disorder in which affected women have only one X chromosome, causing developmental abnormalities and infertility
Who does Turner’s affect
Female
Turner’s syndrome physical characteristics
- Don’t have a menstrual cycle
- Ovaries don’t develop- infertile
- Don’t develop breasts at puberty
- Broad shield chest
- Low set ears
- High waist to hip ratio
- Appearance of pubescent girls
Turner’s syndrome psychological characteristics
- Higher than average reading ability
- Lower performance on spatial, visual memory and math ability tasks
- Socially immature
What are the chromosome patterns for someone with Turner’s syndrome
XO
Atypical sex chromosomes evaluation points- Nature-nurture debate
STRENGTH
Behavioural differences may indicate biological basis for gender
Atypical sex chromosomes evaluation points- Nature-nurture debate counterpoint
LIMITATION
Differences may be due to social influences e.g. Turner’s individuals look immature so treated immaturely
Atypical sex chromosomes evaluation points- Real-world application
STRENGTH
Early diagnosis means that doctors are more able to manage the condition in the future
Atypical sex chromosomes evaluation points- Sampling issue
LIMITATION
Prospective studies show fewer cognitive and psychological problems
