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Endocrine Emergencies > Vocabulary > Flashcards

Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Addisonian Crisis

A

Acute adrenal insufficiency

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2
Q

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

A

The hormone that targets the adrenal cortex to excrete cortisol

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3
Q

Aldosterone

A

A hormone that stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb sodium from the urine and excrete potassium by altering the osmotic gradient in the blood

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4
Q

Adrogens

A

Male sex hormones that regulate body changes associated with sexual development, including growth spurts, deepening of the voice, growth of facial hair and pubic hair, and muscle growth and strength

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5
Q

Antidiuretic Hormone
(Vasopressin)

A

A hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary lobe that constricts the blood vessels and raises the blood pressure

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6
Q

Calcitonin

A

The hormone secreted by the thyroid gland that helps maintain normal calcium levels in the blood

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7
Q

Corticosteroids

A

Hormones that regulate the body’s metabolism, the balance of salt and water in the body, the immune system, and sexual function

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8
Q

Cortisol

A

The hormone that stimulates most body cells to increase energy production

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9
Q

Cushing Syndrome

A

A condition caused by excess cortisol production by the adrenal glands or by excessive use of cortisol or other similar corticosteroid hormones

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10
Q

Diabetes

A

A group of complex metabolic disorders with many causes

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11
Q

Diabetes Insipidus

A

A disorder that has some of the same characteristics as diabetes but the body is unable to regulate fluid due to a lack of antidiuretic hormone and/or the kidneys are unable to respond appropriately

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12
Q

Diabetes Mellitus

A

A disease characterized by the body’s inability to to sufficiently metabolize glucose. Either the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or the cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced

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13
Q

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

A

A form of acidosis in the form of uncontrolled diabetes in which acid accumulates when insulin is not available

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14
Q

Diuresis

A

The production of large amounts of urine by the kidneys

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15
Q

Dyslipidemia

A

An excessive level of lipids circulating in the blood, increasing the risk of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease

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16
Q

Epinephrine

A

A hormone produced by the adrenal medulla that plays a vital role in the function of the sympathetic nervous system

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17
Q

Estrogen

A

One of the three major female hormones that brings about the secondary sex characteristics

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18
Q

Exophthalmos

A

Protrusion of the eyes from the normal position within the socket

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19
Q

Gestational Diabetes

A

Diabetes that develops during pregnancy

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20
Q

Glucagon

A

A hormone produced by the pancreas that is vital to the control of the body’s metabolism and blood glucose level; stimulates the breakdown of glycogen and glucose

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21
Q

Glycosuria

A

The passage of large quantities of urine containing glucose

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22
Q

Goiter

A

A visible part of the anterior of the neck caused by enlargement of the thyroid gland

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23
Q

Graves Disease

A

An autoimmune disorder that causes thyroid gland hypertrophy and sever hyperthyroidism

24
Q

Hashimoto Disease

A

A type of hyperthyroidism in which the thyroid gland becomes enlarged as it is infiltrated by T lymphocytes and plasma cells

25
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

Abnormally high blood glucose levels

26
Q

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome (HHS)

A

A metabolic derangement that occurs primarily in patients with type 2 diabetes; characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperosmolarity, and an absence of significant ketosis

27
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Abnormally low blood glucose levels

28
Q

Insulin

A

A hormone produced by the pancreas that is vital to the control of the body’s metabolism and blood glucose level; causes sugar, fatty acids, and amino acids to be absorbed and metabolized by the cells

29
Q

Insulin Resistance

A

A condition in which the pancreas produces enough insulin but the body cannot effectively use it

30
Q

Islets of Langerhans

A

A specialized group of cells in the pancreas in which insulin and glucagon are produced

31
Q

Ketonemia

A

Excess amounts of ketone bodies in the blood

32
Q

Lipolysis

A

The metabolism (breakdown or destruction) of stored lipids that have been released into circulation

33
Q

Luteinizing Hormones

A

A hormone that regulates the production of both eggs and sperm, as well as the production of reproductive hormones

34
Q

Microangiopathy

A

Microscopic deterioration of vessel walls caused primarily by adherence of blood lipids to vessel walls

35
Q

Myxedema Coma

A

A condition that can occur in patients who have severe, untreated hypothyroidism

36
Q

Norepinephrine

A

A hormone produced by the adrenal glands that is vital to the function of the sympathetic nervous system

37
Q

Panhypopituitarism

A

The inadequate production or absence of the pituitary hormones

38
Q

Parathyroid Hormone

A

A hormone secreted by the parathyroids that act as an antagonist to calcitonin; secreted when calcium levels are low

39
Q

Pheochromocytoma

A

A tumor of the adrenal gland, usually in the medulla, that causes excessive release of the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine

40
Q

Polydipsia

A

Significant thirst

41
Q

Polyphagia

A

Increased appetite

42
Q

Polyuria

A

Frequent and plentiful urination

43
Q

Prediabetes

A

A condition identified in people who have certain risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes and exists when blood glucose levels or hemoglobin A1c levels are above normal, yet not high enough to be diagnosed with diabetes

44
Q

Pretibial Myxedema

A

An orange peel appearance in non-pitting edema on the anterior part of the leg below the knee

45
Q

Primary Adrenal Insufficiency

A

Also known as Addison Disease; a rare condition in which the adrenal glands produce an insufficient amount of adrenal hormones

46
Q

Progesterone

A

One of the three major female hormones

47
Q

Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency

A

A common condition characterized by a lack of adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion from the pituitary gland

48
Q

Somatostatin

A

A hormone that inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion by the pancreas

49
Q

Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIAHS)

A

An endocrine disorder in which an antidiuretic hormone results in a decrease in urinary output, and therefore, systemic fluid overload

50
Q

Testosterone

A

The most important androgen in men

51
Q

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

A

The hormone that controls the release of the thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland

52
Q

Thyroid Storm

A

A rare-life threatening condition that may occur in patients with thyrotoxicosis. The condition is usually triggered by a stressful event or increased volume of thyroid hormones in the circulation

53
Q

Thyrotoxicosis

A

A toxic condition caused by excessive levels of circulating thyroid hormone

54
Q

Thyroxine (T4)

A

The body’s major metabolic hormone. Thyroxine stimulates energy production in cells, which increases the rate at which the cells consume oxygen and use carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

55
Q

Type 1 Diabetes

A

A type of diabetic disease that requires daily injections of supplemental insulin to control blood glucose

56
Q

Type 2 Diabetes

A

A type of diabetic disease that can be controlled by diet and medications

Endocrine Emergencies (2 decks)

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