psychology coding capacity and duration

Question 1

what is the research on coding

Answer 1

baddeley gave different lists to four groups
group 1- acoustically similar
group 2- acoustically dissimilar
group 3- semantically similar
group 4- semantically dissimilar
pps shown the original list and asked to recall them in the correct order
when done from the stm- acoustically similar words had the worst performance
when done from the ltm- semantically similar words had the worst performance
suggests info is coded semantically in ltm and acoustically in stm

Question 2

what is the research on capacity (digit span)

Answer 2

jacobs- researcher read out four digits and pps recall out loud in the correct order and would keep adding the amount of digits until couldnt recall
mean span for digits- 9.3
mean span for letters- 7.3

Question 3

what was the research on capacity (span of memory and chunking)

Answer 3

miller- made observations of everyday practice
thought the span was about 7+-2 items
people can recall five words as easily as five digits through chunking (grouping sets of digits or letters into units or chunks)

Question 4

what was the research on duration (duration of the stm)

Answer 4

peterson and peterson tested 24 students on 8 trials and gave them consonant syllables and 3 digit number on each trial
they counted backwards from the number to prevent memory rehearsal of the consonant syllable
they were told to stop after varying times
after 3secs- 80%
after 18secs- 3%

Question 5

what was the research on duration (duration of ltm)

Answer 5

bahrick studied 392 students aged 17-74 obtaining their high school yearbooks
did photo recognition and free recall
pps graduated within 15yr- photo recognition was 90% and free recall was 60%
pps graduated within 48yrs- photo recognition was 70% and free recall was 30%

Question 6

what was the evaluation points for baddeley

Answer 6

strength
- identified clear difference between stores of ltm and stm
- most of his findings stood the test of time
- important step in our understanding of the memory system
weakness
- used artificial stimuli rather than meaningful material
- world lists had no personal meaning to pps
- may not tell us much about coding in different kinds of memory tasks
- when processing more meaningful info people may use semantic coding
- findings from the study have limited application

Question 7

what are the evaluation for jacobs

Answer 7

strength
- it has been replicated
- findings have been confirmed by other better controlled studies
- valid test of digit span in stm

Question 8

what are the evaluation points for miller

Answer 8

weakness
- may have overestimated stm capacity
- cowan- only 4+-1
- lower end is more appropriate than seven items

Question 9

what are the evaluation points for peterson and peterson

Answer 9

weakness
- stimuli was artificial
- recalling consonant syllables does not reflect every day memory activities where what we have to remember is much more meaningful
- lacked external validity

Question 10

what are the evaluation points for bahrick

Answer 10

strength
- high external validity
- investigated meaningful memories
- reflect more of a real estimate of the duration of ltm