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Milady Fundamentals Chapters 1-6 Test Review > Chapter 2 - Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Why should estheticians have a thorough understanding of anatomy and physiology?

A

Because services have an impact on body systems

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2
Q

Cells are made up of a colorless, jellylike substance called _________ in which food elements such as protein, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts, and water are present.

A

Protoplasm

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3
Q

The principal parts of the cell include the protoplasm, ______, ______, and ______.

A

Organelles, nucleus, and cell membrane

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4
Q

Found in the center of the cell, the ______ plays an important role in cell reproduction.

A

Nucleus

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5
Q

Within the nucleus of the cell, there is a fluid that contains proteins and DNA called the ______

A

Nucleoplasm

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6
Q

The process by which cells reproduce by dividing into two identical cells called daughter cells is known as ______

A

Mitosis

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7
Q

Cells will continue to grow and thrive as long as conditions are favorable, such as suitable temperatures, the ability to eliminate waste products, and an adequate supply of ______, ______, and ______.

A

Nutrients, oxygen, and water

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8
Q

The complex chemical process whereby body cells are nourished and supplied with the energy needed to carry on their many activities is called ______

A

Metabolism

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9
Q

Fat or ______ tissue gives smoothness and contour to the body.

A

Adipose

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10
Q

A collection of similar cells that perform a particular function is called a(n) ______

A

Tissue

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11
Q

The protective covering on body surfaces, such as the skin; mucous membranes; linings of the heart, digestive, and respiratory organs; and glands is ______ tissue.

A

Epithelial

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12
Q

Tissue that carries messages to and from the brain and controls and coordinates all body functions is known as ______ tissue.

A

Nerve

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13
Q

______ tissue supports, protects, and binds together other tissues of the body.

A

Connective

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14
Q

Collections of tissues that have an identifiable structure and that perform specific functions are ______

A

Organs

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15
Q

Groups of organs that cooperate for a common purpose, namely the welfare of the entire body, are known as ______

A

Systems

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16
Q

The integumentary system is made up of the ______ and its various accessory organs.

A

Skin

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17
Q

The skeletal system is comprised of ______

A

Bones

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18
Q

How would you describe the circulatory system?

A

It controls the blood supply

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19
Q

The stomach and intestines are a part of the ______ system.

A

Digestive

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20
Q

The cranium is made up of how many bones?

A

8

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21
Q

What bone forms the forehead?

A

Frontal

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22
Q

The bones that form the sides and top of the cranium are called ______

A

Parietal

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23
Q

The bones that form the sides of the head in the ear region are called ______

A

Temporal

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24
Q

The bones of the upper jaw are called ______

A

Maxillae

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25
Q

The largest and strongest bone of the face is the ______

A

Mandible

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26
Q

The hindmost bone of the skull is the ______

A

Occipital

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27
Q

The uppermost and largest bone of the arm is the ______

A

Humerus

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28
Q

The three parts of a muscle are the ______, ______, and ______

A

Origin, insertion, belly

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29
Q

The muscle that enables you to close your eyes is the ______

A

Orbicularis oculi

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30
Q

One of the muscles of the jaw used in chewing is the ______

A

Masseter

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31
Q

The muscle that draws the eyebrow down and wrinkles the forehead vertically is the ______

A

Frontalis

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32
Q

The broad muscle that extends from the chest and shoulder muscles to the side of the chin and is responsible for lowering the lower jaw and lip is called ______

A

Platysma

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33
Q

The muscle extending alongside the neck from the ear to the collarbone and rotates the head from side to side and up and down, is called ______

A

Sternocleidomastoid

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34
Q

The large, thick triangular-shaped muscle that covers the shoulder and lifts and turns the arm outward is called the ______

A

Deltoid

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35
Q

The muscles that produce the contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm, lift the forearm, and flex the elbow are ______

A

Biceps

36
Q

The muscles that turn the hand outward and the palm upward are ______

A

Supinators

37
Q

The muscles that straighten the wrist, hand, and fingers to form a straight line are called ______

A

Extensors

38
Q

The muscles located at the base of each digit that separate the fingers are called ______

A

Abductor

39
Q

The muscles that involve the bending or flexing of the wrist are ______

A

Flexors

40
Q

The muscle that assists in the swinging of the arms is called ______

A

Pectoralis

41
Q

Which part of the nervous system controls consciousness and mental activities?”

A

Central

42
Q

Estheticians are primarily concerned with three cranial nerves. Which of the following is not one of the three?

A

Eighth

43
Q

Which system carries oxygenated blood from the heart throughout the body and back to the heart again?

A

Pulmonary

44
Q

The blood is made up of ______, ______, and ______

A

Red and white blood cells, platelets, plasma

45
Q

Which system protects the body from disease?

A

Lymphatic

46
Q

The most complex organ of the endocrine system that affects almost every physiological process of the body is the ______ gland.

A

Pituitary

47
Q

What secretes enzyme-producing cells responsible for digesting carbohydrates, proteins, and fats?

A

Pancreas

48
Q

Which of the following are part of the female reproductive system?

A

Fallopian tubes

49
Q

Which hormone is dominant in males?

A

Testosterone

50
Q

What spongy tissue exchanges air for carbon dioxide?

A

Lungs

51
Q

Which part of the breathing cycle absorbs oxygen into the blood?

A

Inhalation

52
Q

The act of moving food along the digestive tract is called ______

A

Peristalsis

53
Q

Which system is responsible for eliminating waste from the body?

A

Excretory

54
Q

How does the skin purify the body?

A

It eliminates salt

55
Q

Which organ discharges bile and helps to break down digestive fat?

A

Liver

56
Q

What is anatomy?

A

The study of the structures of the human body

57
Q

Which of the following is the study of the structure and composition of tissue?

A

Histology

58
Q

If you study the functions and activities performed by the body structures, you are studying ______

A

Physiology

59
Q

Which body system is comprised of the largest organ of the body?

A

Integumentary

60
Q

Which body system forms the physical foundation of the body?

A

Skeletal

61
Q

When performing treatments, you need to know about which system that controls the muscle movements of the face?

A

Nervous

62
Q

With which system can we pass on our genetics from one generation to the next?

A

Reproductive

63
Q

What is the study of the structure, function, and pathology of the nervous system?

A

Neurology

64
Q

Which subdivision of the nervous system controls the five senses?

A

Central

65
Q

Which system has both sensory and motor nerves and carries messages to and from the CNS?

A

Peripheral nervous system

66
Q

Which system regulates muscles responsible for respiration and your heart beating?

A

Autonomic nervous system

67
Q

What is the largest and most complex mass of nerve tissue in the body?

A

Brain

68
Q

What are the nerve endings on sensory nerves called?

A

Receptors

69
Q

What is true about reflexes?

A

They are automatic

70
Q

Which of the following would not be found in the fifth cranial nerve?

A

Buccal nerve

71
Q

What is another name for the seventh cranial nerve?

A

Facial nerve

72
Q

Where would you find the posterior auricular nerve?

A

Seventh cranial nerve

73
Q

Where do the cervical nerves originate?

A

Spinal cord

74
Q

Which nerve affects the little-finger side of the arm and the palm of the hand?

A

Ulnar

75
Q

Which nerve can trigger a sudden drop in blood pressure?

A

Vagus

76
Q

Which blood vessels connect the smaller arteries to venules?

A

Capillaries

77
Q

What is the largest artery in the body?

A

Aorta

78
Q

What do veins do?

A

Take waste material to the heart for cleaning

79
Q

Which of the following is NOT true about the blood?

A

Carries away oxygen and waste products to be eliminated through the lungs, skin, and kidneys

80
Q

Platelets are used to ______.

A

Destroy disease-causing microorganisms

81
Q

What is the main source of blood supply to the head, face, and neck?

A

Carotid arteries

82
Q

As an esthetician, understanding facial vessel locations helps you avoid doing what during a treatment?

A

Bruising

83
Q

What does the liver do?

A

Secretes enzymes necessary for digestion

84
Q

Why do we need a spleen?

A

It fights infection and detoxifies the blood.

85
Q

Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system?

A

Carries fluid, waste, and impurities toward the cells

Milady Fundamentals Chapters 1-6 Test Review (5 decks)

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