Neuro-Essentials Flashcards
NS–Specialized cells that receive, integrate, control, and transmit info t/o body
Components of NS?
- CNS
- PNS
- ANS
- Somatic NS (SNS)
- Limbic System
CNS: Brain + SC
2 hemispheres containing: and further divided:
- Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital lobes
- Forebrain (Prosencephalon), Midbrain (Mesencephalon), Hindbrain (Rhombencephalon)
Ea responsible for interpretation and control of bio processes + mvt
PNS has _ pairs cranial nerves; _ pairs spinal nerves
Responsible for?
12 pairs cranial nerves (Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel Virgin Girls Vaginas And Hymens) (Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Boobs Matter More)
31 pairs spinal nerves
All have Afferent (sensory, dorsal) and Efferent (motor, ventral) fibers
For communication bw body and CNS
ANS has 2 divisions:
- sympathetic (stimulating)
- Parasympathetic (inhibitory)
ANS contains portions of CNS and PNS
- impulses to ANS typ do NOT reach lvl of consciousness– produce automatic responses
Somatic Nervous System (SNS)
Does what?
- Regulates body mvmt thru sensory and motor neurons–transmit info from brain to mm fibers
- Controls: Voluntary body mvmt, influences the 5 senses, responsible for reflex arcs such as DTRs
Limbic System found where and does what?
- Found w/in Brain
- Involved with: control and express of mood, processing, memory, appetite, olfaction
- Lesions: aggression, fearlessness, alterations in motivation, other
Forebrain (Prosencephalon)
Consists of what and whats found there?
- Telencephalon– cerebral cortex, hippocampus, basal ganglia, amygdala)
- Diencephalon– (all the “alamus’s)–Thalamus, Hypothalamus, subthalamus, epithalamus
Cerebrum consists of _ and _ , while sulci/fissures demark what?
- Gray matter–Surface
- White matter–Interiorly
- Sulci/Fissures– demark specific lobes
Hemispheres L vs R:
Left Hemisphere
- Ability to understand language
- Sequencing of mvmts
- Producing written/spoken lang
- Expression of + emotions
- Ability to be analytical, controlled, logical
Hemispheres L vs R:
Right Hemisphere
- Nonverbal processing
- Artistic expression
- Comprehension of general concepts
- **Spatial Relationships
- Kinesthetic awareness**
- Mathematical reasoning
- Body Image awareness
Each lobe of the brain has responsibilities:
Frontal Lobe
- Intellect, Orientation, Voluntary mvmt, Broca’s, Executive functions
Each lobe of brain has responsibilities:
Parietal Lobe
- Receives info assocd w/ touch, kinesthesia, vibration
Ea lobe has responsibilities:
Temporal
- Auditory, Wernicke’s, production of meaningful speech
Ea Lobe has responsibilities:
Occipital
- Visual processing, judgement of distance, vision in 3D
Midbrain located where and consists of what?
- @ Base of brain ABOVE SC
- Tectum/Tegmentum (the T’s)
- Relay Area– connects forebrain->Hindbrain
- Reflex Center– visual, auditory, tactile responses
Hindbrain consists of what?
- Cerebellum, PONs, Medulla oblongata
- Cerebellum– coords mvmt + assists w/ maintenance of balance (When Dr. Cohen says Cerebellum, you say COORDINATION!!!)
- PONS + Medulla– assist w/ control of bodys vital functions
Circle of Willis
AA’s?
Anterior Cerebral AA, Middle Cerebral AA, Posterior Cerebral AA, Vertebral-Basilar AA perfuse diff regions of brain and will produce impairments w/ vascular patho specific to each.
Meninges
What do they do? What are they called?
3 layers connect tissue provide covering/protection for brain/SC
Outer to Inner–> Dura mater-Arachnoid mater-Pia mater
- Dural spaces surround meninges & contain CSF
What is CSF? What assists to produce CSF?
- Clear fluid-like sub that cushions brain/SC and provides nutrition
- Ventricular system assists to produe and circulate
Spinal Cord
- comp of CNS–direct continuation of BS
- Relay for info bw brain and peripheral structures
- Spinal nerves ea possess afferent and efferent fibers for transm. of info thru ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) tracts of SC
Peripheral Nervous System
- Nerves that have sensory, motor, and autonomic responsibilities
- Cutaneous sensory end organs–> thermo, noci, mechano, chemo, and photoreceptors—— provide feedback thru diff channels of stimulation
Peripheral nerve fibers classified as_and describe each
A, B, C
A, B, C
-A= Lg/myelinated with HIGH conduction speed
B= Med/myelinated w/ MOD speed
C= Sm/UNmyelinated or poorly myelinated w/ SLOW speed
Derms/Myotomes stem from what nerve roots?
C1 thru S4
- ea innervate a particular region for Sensation (dermatome) and Motor Innervation (Myotome) — provide pattern for anticipated weakness w/ impairment
List the Cranial Nerves
- Oh–Olfactory (sensory)
- Oh–Optic (sensory)
- Oh–Oculomotor (motor)
- To–Trochlear (motor)
- Touch–Trigeminal (both)
- And–Abducens (motor)
- Feel–Facial (both)
- Virgin–Vestibulocochlear (sensory)
- Girls–Glossopharyngeal (both)
- Vaginas–Vagus (boobs)
- And–Spinal Accessory (motor)
- Hymens–Hypoglossal (motor)
Plexuses and where they innervate
- Brachial Plexus== UE
- Lumbar and Sacral Plexus== LE
Superficial Reflexes–How they Work
Normal vs Abnormal
- Response to stimulation of the receptors w/in skin—Sensory signal must reach SC and Ascend to brain for processing
- Common NORM superf reflexes== abdominal, corneal, cremasteric, gag, plantar reflexes
- Abnormal== Babinski (abnorm plantar reflex)
Deep Tendon Reflexes
- Elicit mm contraction thru stimulation of mm tendon thru reflex arc
- Graded 0-4+—– results may be indicative of a lesion TO reflex arc OR a suprasegmental lesion
Superficial Sensations —-
Lt touch, temp, PAIN
