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Molecular Biology Prelims > Structure of DNA > Flashcards

Structure of DNA Flashcards

1
Q

The strands are

A

anti parallel

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2
Q

Bases are stacked on one another, and is
stabilized by

A

van der Waals interaction

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3
Q

A process in which a DNA creates an identical copy of
itself

A

Replication

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4
Q

Replication follow what type of mechanism

A

Semiconservative Replication
Mechanism

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5
Q

cytosine and
guanine is connected by how many hydrogen bond

A

3

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6
Q

Adenine and thymine is connected by how many
hydrogen bonds

A

2

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7
Q

DNA
Replication phases

A

 Initiation  Elongation  Termination

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8
Q

DNA replication starts at specialized sites
called origins of replication, and moves
away from the origin in both directions,
creating a

A

replication bubble

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9
Q

The ? strand is copied in a continuous manner

A

leading

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10
Q

The ? strand is copied in a discontinuous manner

A

Lagging

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11
Q

The Lagging strand is copied in a discontinuous manner, which
results to fragments created, known as

A

Okazaki fragments

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12
Q

 Helicase harnesses chemical
energy from ?

A

ATP hydrolysis

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13
Q

protein that bind selectively to
ssDNA as soon as it forms, and
stabilizing and protecting it.

A

singlestrand DNA Binding
proteins

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14
Q

As the helicase
unwinds DNA, the
twist ahead of the
fork decreases in
tension. TRue or false

A

false

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15
Q

clockwise rotation right handed in negative supercoil

A

DNA Topoisomerase II

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16
Q

counterclockwise rotation left handed in positive supercoil

A

DNA Topoisomerase I

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17
Q

has the role of
synthesizing RNA primers

A

Primase

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18
Q

Prokaryotic Polymerase includes pol III and pol I. TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

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19
Q

Eukaryotic Polymerase INCLUDES DNA Polymerase α and DNA Polymerase δ. true or false

A

true

20
Q

Directs the synthesis of a new
DNA strand

A

DNA Polymerase δ

21
Q

seals nicks and breaks in dsDNA molecules through
the formation of phosphodiester bonds between existing DNA
strands

A

DNA Ligase

22
Q

Replication pattern used by most eukaryotic and bacterial DNA

A

Bidirectional Replication

23
Q

Rolling Circle Replication

A

Pattern common among bacteriophage

24
Q

maintains the length
of telomeres by addition of
guanine-rich repetitive sequence

A

Telomerase

25
Q

Telomerase binds to ? of the telomere sequence along with RNA template

A

3 prime end

26
Q

telomeres shorten as it cell divides. true or false

A

true

27
Q

The mitochondria duplication
is ?

A

stochastic

28
Q

there is
no control over which
particular copies are replicated

A

stochastic

29
Q

The process of mitochondrial
replication is through

A

fission

30
Q

Proofreading Mechanism in In prokaryotes

A

DNA Polymerase I

31
Q

Proofreading Mechanism in Eukaryotes

A

DNA Polymerase δ

32
Q

Large fragment in DNA Polymerase I called

A

Klenow fragment

33
Q

small fragment in DNA Polymerase I has

A

exonuclease activity

34
Q

All synthesis of nucleotide chains occurs in the what direction

A

5’-3’

35
Q

The incoming nucleotide has a 5’ hydroxyl group on its sugar. true or false

A

false

36
Q

The last nucleotide has a 3’ hydroxyl group on the sugar. true or false

A

true

37
Q

leading strand direction

A

5’ to 3’

38
Q

template strand direction

A

3’ to 5’

39
Q

Okazaki fragments is usually how many nucleotides long

A

1000 - 2000

40
Q

Unwinds parental double helix.

A

helicase

41
Q

occurs when the two replication forks moving in opposite directions meet

A

termination

42
Q

Termination site in Bacteria

A

ter

43
Q

Binds nucleotides to form new strands

A

dna polymerase

44
Q

Correctness of copied DNA

A

fidelity

45
Q

how many nucleotides lost during each cell cycle

A

50

Molecular Biology Prelims (9 decks)

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