Immunity and vaccines Flashcards

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1
Q

What do vaccines give you?

A

Immunity without any symptoms

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2
Q

What do vaccines contain and what do they do?

A

Antigens that will be either free or attached to a dead or attenuated pathogen. This causes the body to produce memory cells against a pathogen without it causing a disease

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3
Q

What does antigenic variation do?

A

Makes it difficult to develop vaccinations for some pathogens

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4
Q

Explain antigenic variation

A

Different antigens are formed due to changes in the gene of a pathogen. When infected for a 2nd time the memory cells from the 1st infection will not recognise the different antigens

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5
Q

What is antigenic concealment?

A

When pathogens hides from an immune system by either living inside cells or coating body in the host’s protein

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6
Q

Name ethical issues and problems surrounding vaccines

A

Tested on animals
Testing on humans poses a big risk
Side effects
Use of animal based substances
If there is an epidemic and a vaccine rush, then who gets the vaccine first

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7
Q

What is herd immunity?

A

When people without vaccines are protected from diseases due to the high number of the population being vaccinated. This reduces the occurrence of diseases in unvaccinated people

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8
Q

What is active immunity?

A

When the immune system makes it own antibodies after being stimulated by an antigen

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9
Q

What is natural active immunity?

A

When you become immune after catching a disease

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10
Q

What is artificial active immunity?

A

When you become immune after have a vaccination

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11
Q

Describe the characteristics of active immunity

A

Requires exposure to antigen
Take a while for protection to develop
Memory cells are produced
Provides long term protection

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12
Q

What is passive immunity?

A

Immunity from being given antibodies by a different organisms

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13
Q

What is natural passive immunity?

A

When a baby becomes immune due to the antibodies it receives from its mother through the placenta and breast milk

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14
Q

What is artificial passive immunity?

A

Immunity you get from being injected with antibodies from someone else

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15
Q

Describe the characteristics of passive immunity

A

Doesn’t require exposure to antigen
Protection is immediate
Memory cells aren’t produced
Protection is short-term

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