Management Chapter 2

Question 1

What is job specialization?

Answer 1

The breakdown of jobs into narrow and repetitive tasks. Example: A employee repeats a tasks over and over.

Question 2

Industry Revolution:

Answer 2

This is when machine power was submitted for human power.

Question 3

What is bureaucracy?

Answer 3

A form of organization with a division of labour, with clear rules and regulations and clearly defined hierarchy.

Question 4

What is general Administrative Theory?

Answer 4

It is based on what mangers do and what is considered a good management practice. 5 functions are planning, organizing, leading, controlling and coordinating

Question 5

What is scientific management?

Answer 5

It is an approach that involves using scientific method to find one best way for the job to be done

Question 6

What are principles of management?

Answer 6

They are fundamental rules of management that can be applied in all organizational situations.

1. Division of work: increasing output by making employees more efficient
2. Authority: Managers should be able to give orders
3. Discipline: Employees should obey and respect all the rules.

Question 7

What are popular contingency variables?

Answer 7

1. Organization size
2. Routines of task technology
3. Environmental Uncertainty
4. Individual Indifference

Question 8

What is total quality management and some of it’s examples?

Answer 8

It is a philosophy of quality management that focuses on continuous improvement and responsiveness to customer needs and expectations. Some example are:
- Intense focus on customer care
- Concern for continual improvement

Question 9

What are the approaches of management?

Answer 9

The four approaches of management show how the area of study management has evolved.
1. Classical Approach: are the first studies of management and emphasizes making organizations and workers efficient as possible.
2. Behavioural Approach: the study of the actions of people at work. The biggest contribution to behavioural approach was Hawthorne studies which were conducted in 1920s and 1930s and they provided insights on group and individual behaviours.
3. Quantitative Approach: The use of quantitative techniques to improve decision making.
4. The Contemporary Approach: this has two types of approaches:
1. The contingency approach: states that organizations are different, face different situations and require different ways of managing. The contingency approach stresses that they are no simplistic rules for mangers to follow.
2. System Approach: This means a group of joined parts working together to make a complete thing. The two types of system are:
Open system: does influence by and interact with government.
Closed system: does not influence by or does not interact with government.