Chapter 5: Personal Health and Illness

Question 1

Maximum Life Span

Answer 1

The maximum number of years a member of species can live

Question 2

Life expectancy

Answer 2

The number of years at birth an average member of a population can expect to live

Question 3

Chronic health problems

Answer 3

Long-term illnesses such as arthritis, rheumatism, hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease

Question 4

Epidemiological transition

Answer 4

The transition a society makes when it moves from a high rate of acute illness (mostly in youth) to a high rate of chronic illness (mostly in old age); Canada has made this transition, as have many developed nations

Question 5

Functional disability

Answer 5

A limitation in the performance of normal daily activities due to illness or injury

Question 6

Activities of daily living (ADLs)

Answer 6

Activities performed daily, such as bathing, moving from a bed or chair, dressing, getting to and using the toilet, eating, and walking

Question 7

Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs)

Answer 7

Home management activities such as using the phone, cooking, shopping, managing finances, and doing light housework

Question 8

Hypokinesie

Answer 8

Physical problems due to lack of movement

Question 9

Disability-free life expectancy

Answer 9

The years of life remaining that are free of any disability

Question 10

Dependency-free life expectancy

Answer 10

The number of years of remaining life that a person will live in a state free of dependence on others for daily tasks

Question 11

Compression of morbidity hypothesis

Answer 11

The idea that severe chronic illness would occur for a short time near the end of life

Question 12

Rectangularization or Squaring of the survival curve

Answer 12

The change over time in survival curves resulting in a right angle or square shape, leading researchers to conclude that a finite life span exists

Question 13

Successful aging

Answer 13

Characterized by a low chance of disease and their ability, high mental and physical functioning, active engagement in social relations and productive activity

Question 14

Selective optimization with compensation (SOC)

Answer 14

Those who age successfully use the SOC method: they select activities that optimize their ability, and when they can no longer engage in a activity, they compensate for losses by setting new priorities