Histological Interpretation Flashcards
Two methods of interpreting images
Biopsy- to diagnose a condition, monitor disease progression
Resection- after biopsy, to cure a condition
What structure are stained by H&E ?
What colour ?
Haematoxylin- nuclei, purple/blue
Eosin- cytoplasm & extracellular matrix, red/pink
Difference between HISTOLOGY and CYTOLOGY
Histology- solid tissue e.g.)biopsy, resection
Cytology- individual cells, fluid aspirate
What does histology look for
Tumour invasion
Tumour grade
Adv. and Disadv. of histology
Invasive
Expensive
Timely
More accurate
What can cytology tell
Benign vs Malignant
Adv. and disadv. of cytology
Less invasive
Cheap
Quick
Less accurate
Features of different WBC
Neutrophils: multilobular nucleus
Eosinophil: bilobular nucleus
Lymphocyte: similar size as RBC, large nucleus
Platelet: small
Carcinoma arises from…
Epithelium
Functions/features of epithelium
Lines all mucosal surfaces, easily damaged but can repair
Function: protection, secretion, absorption
What is the most common subtype of cancer
Carcinoma
Difference between BENIGN vs MALIGNANT neoplasms
Benign:
Well circumscribed
Do not invade
Uniform nuclear features
Few mitoses
No necrosis
Malignant:
Irregular borders
Invade into other tissues
Nuclear pleomorphism
Abnormal mitoses
Necrosis
What is pleomorphism
Nuclei all look different
Malignant cellular features
Pleomorphism
Enlarged nuclei
Hyperchromasia
Mitoses
What is hyperchromasia
Dark, opaque nuclei
