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Alara1 > Biotechnology > Flashcards

Biotechnology Flashcards

1
Q

What is technology?

A

Application of knowledge in the areas like engineering and medicine etc.

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2
Q

What is biotechnology?

A

The technology in which living organisms are used in different ways to help and benefit human beings.

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3
Q

which enzyme is used to unwind DNA?

A

helicase

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4
Q

what is Primase and what does it do?

A

an enzyme
start the process, making a small piece of RNA called primer.

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5
Q

What is genetic engineering?

A

is an advanced technology in which scientists select and isolate a useful gene from one organism & insert it into another organism usually a bacterium

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6
Q

what is a donor organism?

A

is an organism in which a useful gene is selected & isolated.
ie which donates a useful gene

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7
Q

what is a transgenic organism?

A

the organism that contains a foreign gene in its cells.

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8
Q

What are plasmids?

A

Additional circular pieces of DNA present in the cytoplasm are called plasmids.

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9
Q

what does act as a carrier of a foreign gene _________?

A

plasmid

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10
Q

unicellular?

A

made up of only one cell

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11
Q

Is bacteria singular or plural? what’s the other form called?

A

plural
singular- bacterium

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12
Q

Process of mitosis in bacteria takes _______?

A

within 20 minutes

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13
Q

What enzyme is used to cut genes from the donor organism?

A

Restriction enzymes

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14
Q

What is recombinant DNA?

A

The attached gene of desired protein & the plasmid is collectively called Recombinant DNA

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15
Q

what is genetic modification?

A

The change in the genes of an organism using biotechnology techniques. It is the modern method to change the characters of organisms.

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16
Q

How the change in genes can be made?

A

by removal, addition or modification of genes.

17
Q

Insulin is produced in ______?

A

Pancreas

18
Q

What does insulin do?

A

It controls the glucose level in the blood.

19
Q

What if the pancreas doesn’t work properly?

A

the level of glucose in the blood rises, & the condition is known as diabetes mellitus.

20
Q

what are the major crops that have been modified?

A

maize 7 cwms rcp
canola
rice
potato
wheat
soybean
cotton

21
Q

What are the major roles of biotechnology in developing better health?

A

1) Identification of root causes of diseases,
2) production of medicines for fighting against diseases
3) curing and correcting genetic defeats

22
Q

diagnosis?

A

identification

23
Q

How is a normal gene transported into the body?

A

Scientists use vectors to deliver therapeutic DNA to the patient.

24
Q

Gene Therapy?

A

used to cure genetic and acquired diseases like cancer and AIDS,
defective genes are replaced by normal genes.

25
Q

Genetic Testing?

A

used for genetic diagnosis of inherited diseases. It involves the direct examination of DNA molecule. It is used to determine a person’s ancestry and a child’s paternity.

26
Q

If a child wants to know who his real father is?
what can he do?

A

Genetic Testing

27
Q

cloning?

A

animal cloning can be used for the production of animal organs and strong, well-built livestock for the quality production of milk and meat

28
Q

how is cloning used for well-built livestock?

A

Some cows produce much more milk than others. By cloning these cows, farmers could make milk more quickly and cheaply. Scientists use special mice to study diseases like cancer. Cloning them could help scientists research how diseases progress.

29
Q

crop enemies?

A

weeds & insects

30
Q

what is B.T

A

It is a bacteria that makes proteins that are toxic to some insects when eaten.
B.t. is anaturally occurring bacteria that is commonly found in soil and food.

bacillus thuringiensis—— this gene causes the cells of the crops to produce insecticide in their leaves that kill insects that eat it.

31
Q

why is genetic testing important?

A

Genetic testing results could explain personal or family medical history as well as provide information for future health risks.

32
Q

What enzyme starts making the new strand of DNA?

A

An enzyme called DNA polymerase binds to the primer and will make the new strand of DNA.

33
Q

what happens after the bacteria become GM?

A

GM bacterium starts to divide and produces a bacterial colony. Every bacterium of the colony contains a copy of the gene of the desired protein. When the bacterial colony grows it starts making protein under the instructions of inserted gene.

34
Q

what are GMOs?

A

The organism whose genes are modified is called GMO.

35
Q

Where is the insulin extracted from?

A

The insulin prepared in GM bacteria is extracted from bacterial colonies and used.

36
Q

biotechnological products that could save lives?

A

Insulin: useful for diabetes
Vaccines: used against many infectious diseases
Growth hormone: Useful for stimulating growth
Beta-endorphin: A painkiller drug
Interferon: Anti-viral proteins

Alara1 (5 decks)

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