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BIO321 Mammalogy > Lab 3 and 4 > Flashcards

Lab 3 and 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Adjacent bones that are fused and therefore un-moveable are connected at ____________

A

symphyses

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2
Q

Where the paired dentary bones of the lower jaw meet

A

mandibular symphysis

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3
Q

A type of connection where adjacent bones move or pivot on a joint includes ________

A

condoyle and fossa

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4
Q

Most of the bones are fused
together, resulting in very little motion among the skull bones

A

akinetic

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5
Q

Joint where where the mandible articulates with the cranium

A

mandibular fossa

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6
Q

A depression in the bone

A

fossa

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7
Q

A passageway through bone for blood vessels or nerves

A

foramen

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8
Q

The opening in the brain case for the spinal cord

A

foramen magnum

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9
Q

Opening in the roof of the mouth near the incisors

A

incisive foramen

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10
Q

Projections from bones

A

processes

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11
Q

3 major regions of mammalian skull

A

mandible (lower jaw), face (upper jaw, muzzle and orbits), and cranium

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12
Q

Part of mandible that bears teeth

A

dentary

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13
Q

The knobby process at the posterior of the mandible which articulates with the cranium

A

mandibular condoyle

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14
Q

Lowermost process on the mandible

A

angular process

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15
Q

Uppermost process of mandible

A

coronoid process

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16
Q

Muscle used for chewing

A

masseter muscle

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17
Q

Bones that form the posterior roof of the mouth

A

palatine bones

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18
Q

Bony socket that protects eyeball

A

orbit

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19
Q

Encases the tear ducts

A

lacrimal foramen

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20
Q

A flaring bony arch below the eye

A

zygomatic arch

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21
Q

zygomatic arch is comprised of

A

jugal bone and squamosal bone

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22
Q

Bone that forms the anterior portion of the braincase

A

frontal bone

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23
Q

bony capsules that support and protect the inner ear

A

auditory bullae

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24
Q

have a bony core covered by a sheath of keratin

A

horns

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25
Q

covered with skin as they grow, which sheds off and leaves exposed bone which will eventually break (deciduous)

A

antlers

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26
Q

precise alignment of teeth

A

occlusion

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27
Q

4 major muscles in mastication

A

temporalis, masseter, digastricus, pteryogoids

28
Q

Eats termites or ants

A

myrmecophagy

28
Q

Feeds on blood

A

sanguivory

29
Q

Feeds primarily on grass

A

gramnivory

30
Q

Feeds on seeds

A

granivory

31
Q

Consumes fungi

A

mycophagy

32
Q

Teeth of various sizes and shapes

A

heterodonty

33
Q

Mammals’ teeth are firmly rooted in bony sockets known as

A

Alveoli

34
Q

Bumps on the crown of the tooth

A

cusps

35
Q

Bone-like substance that helps
hold the tooth within its alveolus (or socket)

A

cementum

36
Q

Located in the central portion of
each tooth within a cavity lined by dentine

A

pulp

37
Q

Continually growing teeth with the root exposed

A

open-rooted

38
Q

Have two sets of teeth

A

diphyodont

39
Q

When the teeth may grow so much that they no longer occlude correctly

A

malocclusion

40
Q

Lack of teeth entirely

A

edentate

41
Q

An animal with more than one type of tooth

A

heterodont

42
Q

Teeth that grow from the premaxillary and dentary, at front of mouth

A

incisors

43
Q

Teeth posterior to incisors that grow from maxillary bone, used for piercing

A

canines

44
Q

Gap between the incisors and the premolars

A

diastema

45
Q

Grow from the maxillary and dentary bones, and are the teeth posterior to the
canines

A

premolars

46
Q

The largest and most physically robust teeth in the jaw. They are situated posterior to the premolars and are never replaced

A

molars

47
Q

Teeth are all the same shape

A

homodont

48
Q

High crown, columnar teeth

A

hyposodont

49
Q

Low crown teeth

A

brachydont

50
Q

All modern mammals have molars derived from this shape

A

tribosphenic

51
Q

The cusps are connected by sharp low ridges such that the individual cusps are no longer distinct

A

lophodont

52
Q

“crescent moon tooth”

A

selenodont

53
Q

Molar crown consists of low,
rounded individual cusps which are too blunt to shear

A

bunodont

54
Q

Shearing between the fourth upper premolar (P4) and first lower molar (M1)

A

carnassial

55
Q

This tooth has a high flat crown with sharp (pointed) re-entrant vertical faces that give the tooth row a zig-zag appearance

A

prismatic molars

56
Q

Opening anterior to orbit of eye, on maxilla

A

infraorbital foramen

57
Q

The face and braincase compose the ______

A

cranium

58
Q

The muzzle is also called

A

rostrum

59
Q

Lophodont is the basic pattern of most ___________

A

herbivores

60
Q

This lophodont pattern is characteristic of ruminant herbivores

A

selenodont

61
Q

Molars typical of generalized omnivores

A

bunodont

62
Q

This pattern is found among taxa that primarily eat arthropods, such as bats and “insectivores”

A

dilamdodont

63
Q

This premolar-molar set is diagnostic for O. Carnivora

A

carnassial

64
Q

In this simple lophodont morphology, the cheekteeth have a narrow ribbon of enamel only on the anterior-posterior or outer edges

A

simplified columnar

65
Q

These molars have high, flat crowns, with rounded re-entrant vertical faces along the sides of the infolding enamel ribbons, and dentine lakes between the lophs

A

re-entrant lophodont

66
Q

Typical of Arvicoline rodents such as voles, lemmings and muskrats

A

prismatic molars

BIO321 Mammalogy (11 decks)

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