Management of Diabetes, Lifestyle and Exercise Flashcards

1
Q

What are some examples of things that composes a healthy lifestyle?

A

Eat well balanced diet

Do not smoke

Regular physical activity

Moderate alcohol use

Do not use recreational drugs

Good work/life balance

Learn to deal with stress appropriately

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2
Q

What are examples of lifestyle things that will change after being diagnosed with diabetes?

A

Medication/injections

Blood testing

Diet/weight loss

Physical activity

Dealing with hypos

Dealing with illness

Travel

Hobbies

Work

Family/friends

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3
Q

What are some things that makes diabetes really hard to live with?

A

Long term condition

Complex management

Lifestyle manageent

Delayed reward

Probaibilistic reward

Does not fit in with life

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4
Q

What are some lifestyle problems with young people and diabetes?

A

Desire to be same as peers

Sports

Nights out

Alcohol/drugs

Learning to drive

Leaving home

Festivals

Travel

Sex/contraception

Tattoos and piercings

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5
Q

Is the prevalence of obesity increasing or decreasing?

A

Increasing

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6
Q

What are some myths about diabetes?

A

Should eat a “diabetic diet”

Can not eat simple carbohydrates

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7
Q

What are some dietary considerations in diabetes?

A

Consider need for weight loss

Carbohydrate is main consideration in managing glycaemic control

Also consider effects of diet on lipids/blood pressure

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8
Q

What is the purpose of carbohydrate counting?

A

To work out how much insulin to give yourself

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9
Q

What is a quick acting insulin dose composed of?

A

Dose to cover total carbohydrate in food and correction dose if blood glucose is high

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10
Q

Why might adjustment of timing of insulin be required for higher GI foods?

A

Composition of foods alters how quickly carbohydrate is absorbed from the gut

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11
Q

What is an example of an eating disorder of someone with type 1 diabetes?

A

Diabulimia

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12
Q

What is diabulimia?

A

Eating disorder in which people with type 1 diabetes deliberately give themselves less insulin that they need or stop taking insulin altogether for the purpose of weight loss

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13
Q

What does diabulimia lead to?

A

Recurrent DKA

High morbidity and mortality

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14
Q

Why does alcohol consumption impact diabetes?

A

Alcohol reduces glycogenolysis

Alcohol contains calories, resulting in rise followed by fall in glucose

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15
Q

What is glycogenolysis?

A

Breakdown of glycogen (n) to glucose-1-phosphate and glycogen (n-1)

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16
Q

What is the advice to diabetics who are going drinking?

A

Eat before and snack at bedtime

Note other activites when drinking such as dancing

17
Q

By how much does smoking increase the risk of diabetes?

A

1.5x

18
Q

By how much does smoking increase is the risk of macrovascular disease?

A

2x

19
Q

What drugs can be used in diabetes to help people stop smoking?

A

Nicotine replacement therapy and other drugs

20
Q

How do recreational drugs impact diabetes?

A

Risk of DKA

Seizures

Cardiotoxic

Anxious

Sick

Munchies

Hyper/hypotension

21
Q

What is the advice for recreational drugs and diabetes?

A

Avoid

Avoid dehydration

Monitor glucose for highs and lows

Do not omit insulin/carbohydrates

Munchies and control

22
Q

What are the advantages of exercise?

A

Cardiovascular benefit

Reduces cancer risk

Consumes energy

Builds lean tissue and consumes fat

Improves strength, endurance, balance and flexibility

Improves mood and self esteem

Can be sociable

23
Q

How does exercise impact diabetes?

A

Reduce insulin before nad after

Reduction hypo risk

Eat more (appropriate carbohydrates)

Use different insulin regimen

24
Q

What are some ways to get people to increase physical activity levels?

A

Talk to them about it

Address diabetic specific barriers (such as fear of hypos, insulin adjustment, lack of knowledge, nutrition)

Provide facilities

Community involvement

Government strategies

25
Q

Why does diabetes impact driving?

A

Risk of hypos, poor vision, neuropathy

Can drive with diabetes, but must inform the DVLA

26
Q

Are people with diabetes allowed to apply for group 2 licences if on insulin (for bus or lorry)?

A

Yes, but need strict medical review

27
Q

How much time should there be between having a hypo and driving?

A

At least 45 minutes

28
Q

What is the advice for diabetics driving?

A

No not drive for 45 minutes after a hypo

Check glucose within 2 hours of starting driving and 2 hourly during long car journeys

Always carry carbohydrates in car

29
Q

Are people with diabetes less likely to get a job?

A

No because cannot be discriminated against due to the Disability Discrimination Act of 2010

30
Q

What jobs are people with diabetes excluded from?

A

Armed forces

Police

31
Q

What jobs can people with diabetes get but it is under the review of the employer?

A

Offshore oil limited but increases

Blue light rapid response driver

32
Q

What are examples of some hobbies/types of work that needs to be carefully considered before doing with diabetes?

A

Scuba diving

Scaffolder/window cleaner

Solo yachtsman

Endurance sports

Taxi driver

Emergency vehicle driver

Bus/lorry driver

33
Q

What is the advice for people with diabetes going away on holiday?

A

Monitor glucose and drink plenty fluids

Always carry insulin with you

Adjust insulin to cross timezones