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Kidneys > renal structure and function > Flashcards

renal structure and function Flashcards

1
Q

What colour and shape are the kidneys?

A

It is a reddish colour and a bean shape

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2
Q
  1. How much does each kidney weigh?
A

134 grams

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3
Q

Where does each kidney lie?

A

They are lying on either side of the vertebral column between the levels of the 12th thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae (T12 and L3)

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4
Q

What does lack of blood supply lead to in the kidney?

A

kidney shrinkage

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5
Q

Between what levels are the kidneys found?

A

T12 and L3

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6
Q

Outside which membrane are the kidneys found?

A

outside the peritoneum

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7
Q
  1. Which kidney is slightly inferior (lower) and why?
A

right kidney to accommodate for the Liver.

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8
Q
  1. What two types of pole are found in each kidney?
A

superiorandinferior pole

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9
Q
  1. What shape is the lateral surface of the kidney?
A

convex

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10
Q
  1. What shape is the medial surface of the kidney?
A

concave

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11
Q
  1. What is the vertical cleft of the kidney called?
A

the renal hilus

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12
Q
  1. Where does the renal hinus lead to?
A

the renal sinus

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13
Q
  1. What gland can be located on top of the kidney?
A

suprarenal glandor theadrenal gland

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14
Q
  1. What is the general main function of the kidneys ?
A

To filter the blood

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15
Q
  1. What is are the 4 homeostatic functions of the kidney?
A
  1. Maintains body water balance
  2. Regulates quantity & concentration of ECF ions
  3. Maintains plasma volume & osmolarity
  4. Assists in acid-base balance
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16
Q
  1. What are the excretory functions of the kidneys?
A
  1. Excretes end-products of body metabolism
  2. Urea (protein), creatinine (muscle), uric acid (DNA & RNA), bilirubin (haemoglobin)
  3. Excretes foreign compounds
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17
Q
  1. What are the secretory functions of the kidneys?
A
  1. Produces & secretes erythropoietin
  2. Secretes renin, kalikrein, prostaglandins
  3. Converts vitamin D into its active form (1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol (D3)
18
Q
  1. What percentage of cardiac circulation do both kidneys receive?
A

25%

19
Q
  1. How are both renal arteries positioned relative to the renal veins
A

posteriorly

20
Q
  1. Which renal vein is longer and why
A

the left because it goes over the aorta

21
Q
  1. Which renal artery is longer and why
A

right because it goes under the inferior vena cava

22
Q
  1. Outline the order of the types of vessels starting with the aorta and ending with the glomerulus
A
  1. aorta
  2. renal artery
  3. segmental artery
  4. interlobar artery
  5. afferent arteriole
  6. Glomerulus
23
Q

Outline the order of the types of vessels starting with the Glomerulus and ending with the inferior vena cava

A
  1. efferent arteriole
  2. Peritubular capillaries and vasa recta
  3. Interlobular vein
  4. Renal vein
  5. inferior vena cava
24
Q
  1. What percentage of nephrons in the kidney are juxtamedullary
A

20%

25
Q

what percentage of the nephrons in the kidney are cortical?

A

80%

26
Q
  1. What is the function of the juxtamedullary nephron
A

Concentrating urine

27
Q
  1. What are 2 features of the juxtamedullary nephron
A
  1. Thin/thick ascending limbs of Loop of Henle
  2. §Vasa recta (hair-pin loop capillaries)
28
Q
  1. What is the function of the cortical nephron
A

Filtration

29
Q
  1. What is a feature of the cortical nephron
A

has peritubular capillaries

30
Q
  1. Outline the basic structure of the nephron starting with afferent arteriole and ending with urine into ureter
A
  1. Afferent arteriole,
  2. bowman’s capsule/ efferent artiole,
  3. proximal convoluted tubule,
  4. loop of henle,
  5. distal convoluted tubule,
  6. collecting duct,
  7. duct of benini
  8. urine to ureter
31
Q
  1. What is the condition called when you have no blood travelling to the kidneys
A

Renal Artery stenosis

32
Q
  1. What is the origin of the interlobular artery
A

segmented artery

33
Q
  1. What is the arteriole that enters the kidney called?
A

afferent arteriole

34
Q
  1. What is the arteriole that exits the kidney called
A

efferent arteriole

35
Q
  1. What is the function of the Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?
A

Most reabsorption of substances like glucose, water, ions and amino acids

36
Q
  1. What are the 3 features of the PCT that help it perform its function
A

Microvilli
Long & thin
Mitochrondia

37
Q

What is the function of the loop of henle?

A

to produce concentrated urine by reabsorbing water and sodium chloride

38
Q
  1. What are the 2 features of the loop of henle that help it perform its function?
A
  • has thick and thin portions
  • descending limb (thin) and Ascending limb (thick) have different permeabilities
39
Q

what are 3 features of the Distal convoluted tubule?

A
  • hormonally regulated action
  • less microvilli
  • Low water permeability
40
Q

what are 3 features of the collecting duct

A
  • intercalated and principal cells
  • hormonally regulated action (ADH, Aldosterone, atrial natriuretic peptide

Kidneys (7 decks)

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