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Bio🧪 > The heart and blood vessels > Flashcards

The heart and blood vessels Flashcards

1
Q

Name types of circulatory systems

A

Open circulatory system and closed circulatory system

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2
Q

Open circulatory system

A

Heart pumps blood into open ended vessels, e.g. insects

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3
Q

Close circulatory system

A

Blood remains in a continuous system of blood vessels, e.g. humans

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4
Q

advantages of a closed circulatory system

A

blood can be pumped faster
-Nutrients can be delivered to cells quicker
-Allows organisms to be more active

Blood flow rate to different organs can be changed
-E.g. increased blood flow to leg muscles when running

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5
Q

Name blood vessels

A

Arteries, veins, capillaries

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6
Q

Arteries

A

Carry blood away from the heart

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7
Q

What are smaller arteries called?

A

Arterioles

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8
Q

Veins

A

Carry blood to heart

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9
Q

What are smaller veins called?

A

venules

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10
Q

Capillaries

A

tiny vessels that link arteries and veins

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11
Q

blood vessels differences (lumen)

A

artery - small
Vein - large
Capillaries - tiny

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12
Q

blood vessels differences (wall)

A

Artery - thick
Vein - thin
Capillary - thin (allows easy exchange of materials)

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13
Q

blood vessels differences (valves)

A

artery - none
Vein - present
Capillary - none

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14
Q

blood vessels differences (direction of blood flow)

A

Artery- away from heart
vein - to the heart
Capillary - links arteries and veins

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15
Q

blood vessels differences (oxygenation of blood)

A

arteries - oxygenated (except pulmonary artery)

veins - deoxygenated (except pulmonary vein )

capillaries -both

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16
Q

blood vessels differences (blood flow)

A

artery - rapid under high pressure

vein - slow under low pressure

capillary - slow, pressure falling (allowed time for material exchange to occur)

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17
Q

blood vessels differences (pulse)

A

artery - blood flows in pulses
vein - blood flows at steady rate
capillary - no pulse

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18
Q

order of relationship between blood vessels

A

Artery
Arteriole
Capillary
Venule
Vein

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19
Q

material exchange is facilitated by?

A

Thin walls - rapid entry/exit of materials

Large surface area - close contact with body cells

Narrow tubes - increases pressure

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20
Q

Blood flow in arteries has aided by?

A

thick, muscular layer - increases blood flow

elastic fibres - bring blood vessel back to shape

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21
Q

Location of the heart

A

Thoracic cavity - between lungs, above, diaphragm

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22
Q

function of the heart

A

Pump blood around the body

23
Q

structure of the heart

A

hollow, made of cardiac muscle

surrounded by pericardium (double membrane)

24
Q

atria in the heart

A

upper chambers

Pump blood to ventricles

thin walls due to short distance

25
Q

ventricles in the heart

A

Lower chambers

Pump blood out of the heart

Left ventricle thicker than the right ventricle

26
Q

Where is the right ventricle pump blood to?

A

lungs (shorter circuit)

27
Q

Where does the left ventricle pump blood to?

A

Around body

28
Q

Role of valves

A

Prevent backflow of blood

29
Q

Semilunar valves

A

Prevent backflow of blood to the heart

30
Q

Bicuspid valves

A

Prevents backflow of blood to left atrium

31
Q

Tricuspid valves

A

Prevent backflow of blood to right atrium

32
Q

Role of septum

A

separate heart left and right

Separates oxygenated and blood

33
Q

blood flow of deoxygenated blood

A

Enters through veins (superior and inferior vena cava)

exit through arteries (pulmonary artery)

34
Q

Blood flow of oxygenated blood

A

enters through veins (pulmonary vein)

Exit through arteries (aorta)

35
Q

pulmonary circuit

A

Heart to lungs and back to heart

36
Q

Systematic circuit

A

heart to the body and back to heart

37
Q

Advantages of double circulation

A

separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

Blood pressure can be kept high

38
Q

Portal system

A

Pathway that begins and ends in capillaries

39
Q

Hepatic portal system

A

Connect to the stomach and intestines with liver

40
Q

Where did coronary arteries store blood to? + location

A

cardiac muscle

branch from aorta just above semilunar valves

41
Q

Coronary veins

A

Jane blood from the heart wall into right atrium

42
Q

how is heartbeat made?

A

alternating contraction and relaxation of cardiac muscle

43
Q

Another name for contraction in the heart

A

systole

44
Q

Another name for relaxation in the heart

A

diastole

45
Q

How is sound of heartbeat, mean?

A

Closing of heart valves

46
Q

how is heartbeat controlled?

A

Pacemaker (SA node) in right atrium

47
Q

What is the SA node do you?

A

Send electrical signal to cardiac muscle

48
Q

What happens when an SA node emits a signal?

A

Atria contract

49
Q

what is receives the signals of the SA node?

A

AV node

50
Q

What is the AV node do?

A

Send signals to ventricles

51
Q

what happens when an AV node emits a signal?

A

Send signals to ventricles, causing them to contract

52
Q

Stages of heartbeat

A

recite from notes

53
Q

Pathway of blood

A

(recite from notes)

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