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Year 1- Respiratory > 1 Intro to lungs > Flashcards

1 Intro to lungs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functios of the respiratory system?

A

Gas exchange
Regulating body pH
Protection from infection
Speech

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2
Q

What is external respiration?

A

Movement of gases between the air and body cells involving integration of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems.

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3
Q

What is the differance between pulmonary & systemic circulation?

A

Pulmonary circ. delivers CO2 to lung tissue & collects oxygen.
Systemic circulation collects CO2 from body tissues & delivers oxygen.

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4
Q

What are the sections of the pulmonary circulation?

A

The pulmonary artery carries CO2 from heart -> lungs.

The pulmonary vein carries oxygen towards the heart from lungs.

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5
Q

What are the 3 gas exchanges in circulation?

A

1) Between free air & lung tissue
2) between lung tissue & pulmonary circulation
3) Between systemic circulation & cells.

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6
Q

What is the steady state of oxygen supply mean?

A

Net volume of O2 exchanged in lungs = net volume of O2 exchanged in the tissues.

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7
Q

What is the benefit of the oxygen steady state?

A

It prevents gas building up in the circulation and ensures supply = demand.

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8
Q

What is the average volume of O2 consumed & CO2 produced?

A

250ml O2 per min

200ml of CO2 per min

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9
Q

What are the average no. of breaths per minute?

A

10-20 breaths per min at rest

40-45 breaths per min at max exercise

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10
Q

What are the 6 sections of the respiratory system in descending order?

A 
Nose
Pharynx
Epiglottis
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchus
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11
Q

What does the nose do?

A

Air enters body through nose

Cilia & mucus there trap particles & warm/moisten the air.

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12
Q

What does the pharynx do?

A

Air from nose travels here

Shared part of throat with digestive system

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13
Q

What is the epiglottis?

A

A flap of elastic cartilage that covers the entrance to the larynx during swallowing to prevent choking on food.

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14
Q

Whats the purpose of the larynx?

A

Contains the vocal chords which vibrate for sound

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15
Q

What is the function of the trachea?

A

Funnels air from the pharynx to the lungs

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16
Q

What makes up the trachea?

A

Stiff rings of cartilage for support & protection

17
Q

What do the bronchi do?

A

funnel air from the trachea to the lung tissue

18
Q

What makes up the upper respiratory tract?

A

Mouth
Nasal Cavity
Pharynx
Larynx

19
Q

What makes up the lower respiratory tract?

A

Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs

20
Q

What encloses & binds the lower respiratory tract?

A

The thorax enclsoes the lower respiratory tract.

Its bound by ribs, spine & diaphragm.

21
Q

What is the differnace between the 2 bronchi?

A

The right bronchus is shorter, wider and steeper.

This often causes aspirated foreign bodies to lodge in the right bronchus.

22
Q

What is patency?

A

The condition of being open or unobstructed

23
Q

How is the patency of the larynx, trachea & bronchi maintained?

A

By C-shaped rings of cartilage

24
Q

How is the patency of the bronchiole maintained?

A

By physical forces in the thorax

25
Q

Ho is the airway diameter & respistance to flow altered?

A

By bornchial smooth muscle

26
Q

What is a lobule?

A

A cluster of alveoli

Each cluster surrounded by elastic fibres & capillaries

27
Q

What are alveolar cells called?

A

Pneumocytes

28
Q

Detail type one alveolar cells?

A
  • Responsible for gas exchange
  • 97% of alveolar surface
  • Simple squamous epithelium
29
Q

Detail type two alveolar cells?

A
  • Syntehsize surfactant

- High in phospholipids & protein

30
Q

What does surfactant do?

A
  • REuces alveolar surface tension

- Reduces effort of breathing

31
Q

What happens to any foreign material reaches the alveoli?

A

Its ingested by macrophages

32
Q

Why can gas exchange only occur at the alveoli?

A

In the higher airways the walls are too big the air is known as anatomical dead space

33
Q

What makes alveoli so good at gas exchange?

A

Very thin walls

Large surface area.

34
Q

How does the airway lining change from the nose-> alveoli?

A
  • EPithelium becomes more squamous
  • Cilia is lost
  • Mucous is lost
35
Q

What does mucuous do?

A

Traps particles & moistens the air.

Provides a large surface area for cilia to act on

36
Q

Where is mucous made?

A

Goblet cells

Sub-epithelial glands

37
Q

Wjat type of cell are type 1 pneumocytes?

A

Simple squamous epithelium

Year 1- Respiratory (30 decks)

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