Chapter 10: Micronutrients

Question 1

Fat Soluble Vitamins

Answer 1

A compound or molecule that can be dissolved into fat.

Ex.) Vitamins A, D, E, and K

Question 2

Choline is the primary molecule used to make what neurotransmitter?

Answer 2

Acetylcholine

Question 3

In which of the following key processes is chromium involved?

Answer 3

Insulin signaling

Question 4

What medical therapy is used to remove metals from the body, specifically things like iron, mercury, arsenic, and/or lead?

Answer 4

Chelation

Question 5

What percent of magnesium in the human body is found in bone tissue?

Answer 5

60%

Question 6

What is the common name for vitamin B2?

Answer 6

Riboflavin

Question 7

What percent of children under the age of 5 have vitamin A deficiency worldwide?

Answer 7

33%

Question 8

What elemental metal is present in vitamin B12?

Answer 8

Cobalt

Question 9

What percent of the body is made of calcium?

Answer 9

1-2%

Question 10

What percent of the body is made of calcium?

Answer 10

1-2%

Question 11

What is the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of iodine for adults (men and non-pregnant or lactating women > 18 years of age)?

Answer 11

150 μg/day

Question 12

Iron deficiency is the primary cause of which of the following conditions?

Answer 12

Anemia

Question 13

What is the result of extended periods of high doses of fluoride?

Answer 13

Damage to bones

Question 14

Deficiencies in vitamin B1 lead to which of the following?

Answer 14

Beriberi

Question 15

Deficiencies in vitamin E can lead to which of the following?

Answer 15

Slurred speech

Question 16

Pyridoxal, pyridoxine, and pyridoxamine are all molecules of which vitamin?

Answer 16

Vitamin B6

Question 17

What percent of athletes have been found to have inadequate levels of vitamin D?

Answer 17

54%

Question 18

What is the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of vitamin A for adult males ( > 18 years of age)?

Answer 18

900 μg/day

Question 19

What differentiates macro- and micronutrients?

Answer 19

The quantity in which they are needed in the diet.

Question 20

What blood process does vitamin K help directly control?

Answer 20

Blood clotting

Question 21

What family of compounds are the vitamin K1 compounds called?

Answer 21

Phylloquinones

Question 22

What is the group of compounds that make up the vitamin A family called?

Answer 22

Retinoids

Question 23

What is the normal range of calcium in the blood?

Answer 23

8.4-9.5 mg/dL

Question 24

In what process does selenium play a critical role?

Answer 24

Antioxidant system

Question 25

What is the normal range for the extracellular concentration of sodium?

Answer 25

136 to 151 millimolar

Question 26

Deficiencies in vitamin C can lead to which of the following?

Answer 26

Scurvy

Question 27

Vitamin C deficiencies occur in what percentage of the population of the United States?

Answer 27

7%

Question 28

What percent increased requirement do long distance runners have for iron compared to non-runners?

Answer 28

70%

Question 29

What is the recommended serving amount of fruit per day based on USDA Guidelines?

Answer 29

4

Question 30

What is the recommended serving amount of fruit per day based on USDA Guidelines?

Answer 30

4

Question 31

What is the intracellular-to-extracellular ratio of potassium?

Answer 31

30:1