Chapter 22: Nutrition Hot Topics And Controversies

Question 1

What is the reason that most studies researching the health effects of fructose are not relevant?

Answer 1

They use unrealistic doses of fructose.

Question 2

Switching from conventional to organic produce significantly reduces biomarkers of pesticide exposure in as little as how many days?

Answer 2

5–7 days

Question 3

Gluten increases intestinal permeability by interacting with which one of the following molecules?

Answer 3

Zonulin

Question 4

The greatest concern of consumers of organic foods is the perception that organic foods are which of the following?

Answer 4

Healthy

Question 5

Which of the following is produced in the greatest quantity during fructose metabolism?

Answer 5

Glucose

Question 6

The link between nonnutritive sweeteners and obesity in observational research can be explained by which of the following?

Answer 6

Reverse causality

Question 7

What is an example of a direct risk of GMO consumption?

Answer 7

Expression of allergenic proteins

Question 8

Toxins and toxicants accumulate in humans primarily within which of the following?

Answer 8

Fat

Question 9

What method of pest control is used least in organic agriculture?

Answer 9

Use of pesticides

Question 10

Most clients will obtain their information about GMOs from the internet, television, radio, and which of the following?

Answer 10

Friends and family

Question 11

The average dose of fructose used during controlled trials was greater than the intake of what percentile of Americans?

Answer 11

95%

Question 12

What is the primary difference between conventional and organic agriculture?

Answer 12

Pesticide use

Question 13

Nonnutritive sweeteners may be associated with weight gain because of what psychological phenomenon?

Answer 13

Brain activation patterns

Question 14

High-fructose corn syrup usually contains what percentage of fructose?

Answer 14

55–65%

Question 15

Organic meat and milk, compared to conventional, contains significantly greater concentrations of what nutrient?

Answer 15

Omega-3 fatty acids

Question 16

Along with blood pressure, which of the following may be beneficially affected by calorie-equated exchange for fructose when compared to other carbohydrates?

Answer 16

Glycemic control

Question 17

Wheat allergy is best described as which of the following?

Answer 17

Allergic reaction

Question 18

Non-celiac gluten sensitivity is best described as which of the following?

Answer 18

Food sensitivity

Question 19

The average dose of fructose used during controlled trials was greater than the intake of what percentile of Americans?

Answer 19

95%

Question 20

Which answer most appropriately describes the effect of consuming nonnutritive sweeteners on appetite and food intake?

Answer 20

Insulin sensitivity

Question 21

Which of the following is produced in the lowest quantity during fructose metabolism?

Answer 21

Fatty acids

Question 22

How many nonnutritive sweeteners have been approved for use by the FDA?

Answer 22

8

Question 23

Grass-fed or grass-finished cattle are different from organic cattle primarily because of which of the following reasons?

Answer 23

Organic cattle eat grains during the end of their life.

Question 24

Compared to other carbohydrates, calorie-equated exchange for fructose affects which of the following?

Answer 24

Glycemic control

Question 25

Wheat allergy is best described as which of the following?

Answer 25

Gluten intolerance

Question 26

Increased translocation of microbial products through the intestinal barrier, an immune response toward lipopolysaccharides, and increased intestinal permeabiity all play a roll in the symptoms of which of the following?

Answer 26

Non-celiac gluten sensitivity

Question 27

Gluten increases intestinal permeability by interacting with which one of the following molecules?

Answer 27

Zonulin

Question 28

Celiac disease is best described as which of the following?

Answer 28

Autoimmune condition