midterm short quizzes

Question 1

As Meynell and Paron discuss it, there are two
importantly different kinds of Utilitarianism. These are:

Answer 1

Act and Rule Utilitarianism

Question 2

As noted in class, it is possible that a Rule
Utilitarian calculus will favour a rule that in some
contexts permits actions that do not possess the best
“utility profile.”

Answer 2

true

Question 3

According to Meynell and Paron, Immanuel Kant
thinks that lying promises:

Answer 3

are never morally justified

Question 4

As noted by Meynell and Paron and in class,
Immanuel Kant thinks that it is never morally
acceptable to use another free and rational being as a
means to an end.

Answer 4

false

Question 5

As noted by Meynell and Paron, W.D. Ross thinks
that the consequences or the results of our actions are
never relevant to whether we are acting rightly

Answer 5

false

Question 6

As noted by Meynell and Paron, W.D. Ross thinks
we have moral duties to ourselves

Answer 6

true

Question 7

As noted by Meynell and Paron, Aristotle’s
approach to ethics favours the examination and
cultivation of character traits over the examination of,
and commitment to, rules or principles

Answer 7

true

Question 8

According to Meynell and Paron, Aristotle thinks
that the virtuous life is the one where we pursue the
most pleasure

Answer 8

false

Question 9

According to Meynell and Paron, feminist
approaches to ethics

Answer 9

(a) Reject the kind of individualism
characteristic of Utilitarianism and
Kantianism.
(b) Embrace the importance of a partiality that
arises from our relationships with others who
are dependent on us.
(c) Foreground the importance of human
social entanglement when morally assessing
conduct, available actions, or even social
institutions.
(d) All of the above.

Question 10

As implied by Meynell and Paron, the only power
imbalances or oppressions that are of interest to
feminist ethics cut along gender lines.

Answer 10

false

Question 11

As Meynell and Paron discuss them, only Jeremy
Bentham takes sentient nonhuman animals into
account in their Utilitarianism

Answer 11

false

Question 12

As Meynell and Paron discuss W.D. Ross, no one
duty can ever be outweighed by another moral duty

Answer 12

false

Question 13

As noted by Meynell and Paron, positive rights
can be either active or passive.

Answer 13

false

Question 14

As noted in class, Meynell and Paron provide no
understanding of rights such that (some) other animals
can be sensibly said to possess them.

Answer 14

false

Question 15

As noted in class, a positive right is a right to
assistance.

Answer 15

true

Question 16

When deciding the morality of particular expressions of polygyny, Gbadegesin favors the following principle or principles:

Answer 16

a) Respect for persons.
a) Fairness.
c) Interest.
d) All of the above.

Question 17

For Arras, a will theory of rights is not going to be friendly to talk of a right to heath care.

Answer 17

false

Question 18

When cultural differences remain intractable, but we need to move forward, Gbadegesin suggests an appeal to:

Answer 18

a principle of human flourishing.

Question 19

Arras treats the social determinants of health as “health-related goods” (p.4).

Answer 19

true

Question 20

Gbadegesin does not think that there are any shared moral values across cultures.

Answer 20

false

Question 21

For Arras and as discussed in class, when rights are said to be prima facie that means that they are inviolable (i.e., they are absolute).

Answer 21

false

Question 22

(As discussed in class) which model of “the relation between ethical theory and bioethics” is “bidirectional”?

Answer 22

“The biology/medicine model.”

Question 23

For Gbadegesin, contentions over the cultural differences in bioethics can concern:

Answer 23

Principles, rules, and practice.

Question 24

In the course of his discussion, Rachels suggests that a number of facts about our biological make-up, needs, and vulnerabilities limit the moral principles we can reasonably accept.

Answer 24

true

Question 25

Rachels uses the 1995 Ebola virus outbreak case as a way to defend the reliance on mid-level principles to resolve bioethical issues/disputes.

Answer 25

false

Question 26

Liberal egalitarianism is fundamentally committed to at least two things:

Answer 26

“Fair equality of opportunity” and benefitting the least privileged among us in whatever ways we structure our societies.

Question 27

For Arras, “hard-core” Libertarianism supports a limited positive right to health care.

Answer 27

false

Question 28

Rachels’ discussion of Aristotle and classical Greek slavery is to caution against thinking that it is reasonable to judge the conduct of members of long dead societies.

Answer 28

false

Question 29

For Arras, there are ever present “duties to avoid violating negative rights.”

Answer 29

true

Question 30

For Rachels, what statement is best associated with “[t]he straightforward-application model”?

Answer 30

“The ethical theory is the starting point, and we apply the theory to the case at hand in order to reach a conclusion about what should be done.”

Question 31

Veatch thinks that both The Medical Model and The Psychological Model deny that individuals are personally responsible for their ill-health.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Heath clearly opposes the ability for Canadian residents to be able to purchase care beyond the baseline guaranteed through Medicare.

Answer 32

False

Question 33

Given the way that Veatch presents them, The Voluntary Model and The Medical Model are fundamentally incompatible.

Answer 33

true

Question 34

Heath is not ethically opposed to all forms of “queue-jumping” in a health care system.

Answer 34

true

Question 35

The definition of health provided by Armstrong and Armstrong makes mention of physical, mental, social, and spiritual well-being.

Answer 35

false

Question 36

When explaining the structural determinants of health, Reading likens the distal determinants to a tree’s canopy.

Answer 36

false

Question 37

According to Armstrong and Armstrong, under their discussions of both Assumption 3 and Challenge 3, a weakness of health care is that it adopts a primarily curative approach.

Answer 37

true

Question 38

According to Armstrong and Armstrong, health is basically defined as an absence of disease and infirmity.

Answer 38

false

Question 39

Heath is of the view that Canadian health care does not rely on moral incentives to motivate physicians.

Answer 39

true

Question 40

Reading’s discussion of the diabetes and HIV infection health crises affecting Indigenous communities foregrounds the importance of moving beyond proximal determinants of health.

Answer 40

true

Question 41

Heath clearly thinks that health care should not be thought of as a commodity.

Answer 41

false

Question 42

For Reading, there is a connection which can be made between systemic discrimination and chronic stress which in turn adversely impacts health.

Answer 42

true

Question 43

In the end, Veatch does not think that there are any circumstances in which society would be justified proscribing voluntary risky behavior.

Answer 43

false

Question 44

Veatch thinks that such voluntary risky behavior as voluntary firefighters fighting fires makes the relevant agents both responsible for any adverse health effects of their behavior and culpable for it.

Answer 44

false

Question 45

For Armstrong and Armstrong, the factors that determine health are:

Answer 45

social environments, physical environments, psychological environments, productivity and wealth, and health care.