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Moving Exam 2 > Canine Juvenile Bone Disease > Flashcards

Canine Juvenile Bone Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Congenital issues

A

Apparent at or soon after birth
Uncommon
Ex - radial agenesis

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2
Q

Developmental issues

A

Apparent during growth
Common
Elbow or hip dysplasia, OCD

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3
Q

Idiopathic issues

A

During growth
Fast growing large breeds
Uncommon-common
Panosteitis, HOD

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4
Q

Infectious issues

A

Any age
Uncommon
Septic arthritis, osteomyelitis

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5
Q

Traumatic issues

A

Any age
Common
Fractures

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6
Q

Nutritional/metabolic issues

A

Any age, susceptible during growth
Uncommon w commercial diets
2nd hyperPT, hypovitaminosis D

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7
Q

Neoplastic issues

A

Any age
Cancer can peak under 1 year and then in old age
Osteosarcoma

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8
Q

OCD

A

Osteochondritis dissecans, Failure of endochondral ossification
Osteochondrosis: thickening of cartilage
Non-clinical in SA
Osteochondritis dissecans: clinical form of disease, flap formation

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9
Q

Normal progress of epiphysis

A

Outlayer becomes articular cartilage
Inner later becomes the epiphyseal ossification center
- undergoes endochondral ossification
- responsible for epiphyseal enlargement
- proliferation of chondrocytes near periphery = growth
- conversion of cartilage to bone in center = calcification

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10
Q

Progress of OCD

A

Failure of ossification =
Cartilage thickens (drosis), loss of deep chondrocytes forms a cleft, causes a flap, flap can fall off = Dritis dissecans
Can lead to exposure of subchondral bone = jt inflame, DJD

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11
Q

Common locations for OCD

A

Shoulder - caudal humeral head
Elbow - medial portion of condyle
Stifle - lateral > medial condyle
Tarsus - medial > lateral trochlear ridge

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12
Q

Risk factors for OCD

A

Fast growing dogs
4-8 months
Male>female
10-45% heritable, large/giant breeds
Nutrient excess, micro trauma

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13
Q

Presentation of OCD

A

4-8m old or later
Gradual onset, v rest, ^ exercise
Unilateral or bilateral
Joint effusion & pain on manipulation

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14
Q

Diagnosing OCD

A

Radiographs
- distraction of subchondral bone
- flattening or convacity of normal contour
- sclerosis in margins
Contract arthrogram, ultrasound, CT, MRI

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15
Q

Conservative management of OCD

A

NSAIDS, exercise v, diet changes, weight control

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16
Q

Surgery treatment for OCD

A

Best options
Flap removal: open or arthroscopic
Debride all poorly attached cartilage, edges 90*, debride to bleeding subchondral bone

17
Q

Osteochondral grafts & synthetic cartilage for OCD

A

Grafts : OATS system, transfer cartilage from a non articular area
Synthetic : synACART, synthetic cartilage plug, no donor site morbidity

18
Q

Prognosis for joints w OCD

A

Shoulder - good/excellent
Elbow - guarded/fair
Stifle - guarded/fair
Tarsus - guarded
Will ultimately develop arthritis

19
Q

HOD

A

Hypertrophic osteodystrophy
Metaphyseal pain, swelling, hyperthermia

20
Q

signalment for HOD

A

Males>females
2-6 months
Rapidly growing, large/giant breeds (retrievers, GS, Weimaraner, Irish setters, boxers)

21
Q

Causes for HOD

A

Unknown
Could be heritable
Infection, nutritional, k9 distemper

22
Q

Effected bones & histo findings for HOD

A

Radius, ulna, tibia > all other bones
Disrupted metaphyseal trabeculae
- hemorrhage, hemosinderin deposits, necrosis, inflame, fibrosis adjacent & parallel to physis)
Irregular physis, subperiosteal hemorrhange/reactive bone

23
Q

Presentation of HOD

A

Swelling of metaphyseal regions of long bone
Variable degrees of pain, lameness, inflammation
Also systemic illness
- hyperthermia, hyporexia, anorexia, depression, diarrhea

24
Q

Diagnosing HOD

A

Radiographs
- lucent line at metaphyseal “double physis” appearance
Periosteal /endosteal prolif, widening of physis
Blood culture - immunocompromised

25
Q

HOP vs HOD

A

HOD - swelling near metaphyseal, lesion near physis
HOP - diffuse periosteal prolif condition secondary to distant neoplastic or infectious masses

26
Q

Treatments for HOD

A

Pain meds, diet
Systemic support - IV meds/fluids, nutrition, antibiotics

27
Q

Prognosis for HOD

A

Selflimiting, 7-10 days
Mild = good prognosis
Severe + systemic = guarded
Recurrent, could lead to angular limb deformity - bridging physis, slowing physis growth on one side but bone grows on the other /hypertrophy

28
Q

Panoestitis

A

Self limiting inflammation disease of bone marrow in long bones

29
Q

Signalment of panosteitis

A

Large/giant breeds
5-18 months
Males>females, 4:1 ratio

30
Q

Presentation of panosteitis

A

Acute onset, no trauma, shifting leg lameness, variable degrees of lameness, systemic illness is uncommon, painful on bone palpation

31
Q

Commonly affected bones - panosteitis

A

Ulna, radius, humerus, femur, tibia
Forelimbs > hind limbs

32
Q

Histology for panosteitis

A

Early stages - empty space near adipose BM, vascular prolif, local bone formulation around nutrient foramen
- vascular congestion & ^ interosseous pressure
- ^ local bone, 2* periosteal reaction, enlarged haversian system
- remodeling over time

33
Q

Diagnosing panosteitis

A

Early stages - difficult to observe
Hall mark = intramedullary increase in radio density
- loss of Normal trabecular pattern
- changes in endosteum

34
Q

Treating panosteitis

A

Can spontaneously resolve
Exercise restriction, analgesics, diet

35
Q

Prognosis of panosteitis

A

Mild = good
Can reoccur

36
Q

PCLS

A

Puppy carpal laxity syndrome

37
Q

PCLS features

A

Young puppies, 6-16 weeks
Hyperextension > 190
Hypoextension < 180
Genetics, environment, stress

38
Q

Conservative treatment for PCLS

A

Excellent prog!
Exercise restriction, splinting (2 wks), adult diet (helps soft tissue form properly)

39
Q

Surgical treatment for PCLS

A

Rare, common in older dogs who were untreated as puppies & require tenotomy or Arthrodesis

Moving Exam 2 (26 decks)

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