HUMAN RIGHTS pt 1 yr12

Question 1

What are human rights?

Answer 1

Fundamental rights, which every human being is entitled to, for just being a human.

Question 2

What are the features of HR?

Answer 2

– Universal- enjoyed by all individuals regardless of their nationality
– Indivisible- all human beings are equally important
– Inherent- the birthright of all humans and are to be enjoyed, simply by reason of their humanity
– Inalienable- people cannot give them up, or take them away.

Question 3

First generation HR

Answer 3

Civil and political rights.
These can be found in Articles 1–21 of The
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)
and in the International Covenant on Civil and
Political Rights (1966).

Question 4

Second generation HR

Answer 4

Economic, cultural and social rights.
These can be found in Articles 22–30 of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966).

Question 5

Third generation HR

Answer 5

These are rights that are international in scope and can only be addressed by global cooperation. The two most
prominent of these rights are environmental
rights and peace rights.

Question 6

Suffrage

Answer 6

the legal right to vote in a democratic election

Question 7

universal suffrage

Answer 7

the right of all citizens to vote in political elections, regardless of status, gender, race or creed. The right to vote was recognised as a universal human right in Article 21 of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)

Question 8

right to self-determination

Answer 8

the right of people to determine how they will be governed, or their political status based on territory or national grouping
- recognised in the Treaty of Versailles (1919 and also recognised in The Atlantic Charter (1941) and the Declaration of the United Nations (1942) and became a key Allied war aim.

Question 9

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)

Answer 9

Article 15 of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)
1 Everyone has a right to a nationality.
2 No-one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality.

Question 10

Peace Rights

Answer 10

the right of citizens to expect their government to do all in its power to maintain peace and work towards the elimination of war

Question 11

Soft law

Answer 11

international statements, such as declarations, that do not create legal obligations upon states but do create pressure to act in accordance with them

Question 12

Hard law

Answer 12

conventions and treaties that under international law create legally binding obligations

Question 13

international customary law

Answer 13

actions and concepts that have developed over time to the extent that they are accepted by the international community and have become law

Question 14

laws of war

Answer 14

a body of laws about how war should be conducted
that originated with the Geneva Convention (1864),
the Hague Convention and the final four-part Geneva
Conventions (1949) – it is also known as the International Humanitarian Law

Question 15

abolitionism

Answer 15

a movement to end slavery in the early 1800s in both western Europe and North America that eventually brought an end to the trans-Atlantic slave trade

Question 16

transatlantic slave trade

Answer 16

the trading of African people by Europeans, who transported them as slaves from Africa to the colonies of the New World

Question 17

What documents were human rights recognised by?

Answer 17

• Magna carta 121
• Declaration of right 1689
• Deceleration of rights of man and citizen 1789

Question 18

Human trafficking

Answer 18

the commercial trade or trafficking in human beings for the purpose of some form of slavery; usually recruiting, transporting or obtaining a person by force, coercion or deceptive means

Question 19

Abolition of slavery

Answer 19

After the end of World War II, the member states
of the UN made a clear statement that slavery
was prohibited, under Article 4 of The Universal
Declaration of Human Rights (1948)

Question 20

Trade union

Answer 20

an organisation of workers created to preserve and further their rights and interests - emerged during industrial revolution - the unions in Australia joined together to form their own political party, the Australian Labor Party. 1919 International Labour Organization (ILO) now an agency of the UN

Question 21

Labour rights

Answer 21

enshrined in Articles 23 and 24 of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948). Later treaties, such as the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), as well as the ongoing work of the
ILO

Question 22

Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide

Answer 22

The convention was adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1948 and came into force in 1951.
The main reason for the drafting of this convention was the widespread condemnation of the war crimes perpetrated against the Jews in the concentration camps of Nazi Germany

Question 23

Genocide enforceable

Answer 23

Genocide Convention was effective
in securing nearly universal condemnation of
genocide, it failed to motivate politicians and
diplomats to take concrete measures to ensure that
these crimes could not occur in the future. Not until the creation of the International Criminal Court in 2002 that the Genocide Convention was made legally enforceable

Question 24

Geneva Convention (1949)

Answer 24

The Geneva Conventions are four treaties, and three additional protocols, that establish international legal standards for humanitarian treatment in war.

Question 25

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966)

Answer 25

ICCPR is an international human rights treaty adopted in 1966. The UK agreed to follow ICCPR in 1976. It enables people to enjoy a wide range of human rights, including those relating to: freedom from torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.

Question 26

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966)

Answer 26

ICESCR is an international human rights treaty adopted in 1966. The UK agreed to follow ICESCR in 1976. It ensures the enjoyment of economic, social and cultural rights, including the rights to: education.