Lecture 1 Flashcards

Health Vs Disease

1
Q

Physiology

A

The way in which an organism or any of its components function.

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2
Q

What are the two “normal” things physiology relies on?

A

Structure - The way the human body is put together
Function - The normal actions and roles of a body part and the way parts interact with each other.

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3
Q

Pathophysiology

A

The study of the functional and structural changes that occur in the body as a result of injury, disease, or disorder.

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4
Q

What is the definition of health?

A

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of infirmity.

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5
Q

What is the definition of disease?

A

A deviation from, or interruption of, normal structure and/or function of 1+ or more cells, tissues, organs, or organ systems within the body.

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6
Q

What are the types of causes for diseases and syndromes?

A

Specific, known cause
Multiple known causes (multifactorial)
No known cause (Idiopathic)

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7
Q

What is the definition of syndrome?

A

A specific condition with a recognizable, predictable pattern of signs and symptoms

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8
Q

What is the difference between a disease and a syndrome?

A

A disease is describing the actual impaired function and/or structure of the human body.
A syndrome is a characteristic set of manifestations that can include multiple diseases or suggest the presence of a disease or an increased risk of developing disease.

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9
Q

What is etiology and the 4 types of etiologies?

A

Etiology: Specific cause of a disease

Multifactorial: Multiple factors or events that can contribute to the occurrence of a disease. (Diabetes Mellitis)
Idiopathic: No known cause. (Idiopathic Narcolepsy)
Nosocomial: Caused by exposure to a healthcare setting. (Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia)
Iatrogenic: Caused by medical treatment. (Can be accidental or purposeful)

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10
Q

Disease Origins

A

Diseases can originate from multiple sources or a single source. A single source can also account for multiple diseases and is dependent on the situation/circumstances of the infection.

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11
Q

What is pathogenesis?

A

It is how a disease process evolves.

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12
Q

Risk Factor vs Precipitating Factor

A

Risk factors are anything that increase the probability of experiencing a particular health outcome.
Precipitating factors are agents that promote the clinical manifestation of a disease, similar to a trigger.

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13
Q

Sign vs Symptom

A

Sign - Objective, it is a clinical manifestation of a disease that a clinician can measure or observe.
Symptom - Subjective, it is a clinical manifestation of a disease that a patient reports.

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14
Q

What are the manifestations of a disease?

A

Location: local or systemic
Timing: acute, chronic, subacute
Severity: Remission, Exacerbation, and Asymptomatic

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15
Q

How do we characterize a disease’s outcome?

A

Morbidity: General term for any negative outcome due to a disease that causes a negative impact to quality of life.
Complication: Adverse extension of a disease or from its treatment.
Sequelae: Impairments that follow a disease. Generally different from the initial condition that the disease caused. (EX: paralysis following a stroke)
Mortality: Death
Prognosis: Prediction of how a patient will fare during the disease process.

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16
Q

3 Types of Disease Prevention

A

Primary: Prohibiting a disease condition from occurring.
Secondary: Early detection OR treatment of a disease via screening programs.
Tertiary: Treatment and rehabilitation of a patient after diagnosis of a disease process.

17
Q

Top 10 Causes of Death in the US

A
  1. Heart Disease
  2. Cancer
  3. Accidents
  4. Chronic Lower Respiratory Tract Disease
  5. Stroke
  6. Alzheimer’s
  7. Diabetes
  8. Kidney Disease
  9. Influenza/Pneumonia
  10. Suicide
18
Q

Top 10 Causes of Death in Developing Countries

A
  1. Neonatal Conditions (Communicable)
  2. Lower Respiratory Infection (Communicable)
  3. Ischemic Heart Disease
  4. Stroke
  5. Diarrheal Diseases (Communicable)
  6. Malaria (Communicable)
  7. Accidents
  8. Tuberculosis (Communicable)
  9. HIV/AIDS (Communicable)
  10. Liver Cirrhosis
19
Q

Top 3 Causes of Death in WV

A

Nationally vs State per 100,000
1. Heart Disease (195 vs 280)
2. Cancer (185 vs 263)
3. Lower Respiratory Infections (44.7 vs 83.5)