Prokaryotes

Question 1

What two domains of life are Prokaryotes in?

Answer 1

bacteria and archaea

Question 2

How old are prokaryotes?

Answer 2

~ 3500 mya

Question 3

Are prokaryotes uni or multicellular?

Answer 3

unicellular

Question 4

Do prokaryotes have a nuclear envelope?

Answer 4

no

Question 5

Archaea was discovered in the

Answer 5

1970s

Question 6

Archaea are derived from

Answer 6

bacteria

Question 7

eukaryotes are derived from

Answer 7

archaea

Question 8

When did the divergence between eukaryotes and archaea occur

Answer 8

1850 ma

Question 9

Describe transformation

Answer 9

genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake and expression of DNA

Question 10

What is a unique characteristic of bacterial cell walls

Answer 10

contains peptidoglycan

Question 11

Gram negative bacteria have what

Answer 11

an outer membrane

Question 12

Define Fimbriae

Answer 12

short, bristle like structures that adhere to host

Question 13

Define Pili

Answer 13

long, bristle like structures present singly or in pairs for DNA transfer

Question 14

Fimbriae and pili are present mostly in what kind of bacteria?

Answer 14

Gram negative

Question 15

Spirochetes are characterized by what?

Answer 15

Axial filamentous flagellal l(spiral shape)

Question 16

What mode of nutrition do spirochetes utilize?

Answer 16

chemoheterotrophic

Question 17

Spirochetes live how?

Answer 17

anaerobic and free living, some pathogens like syphillus

Question 18

Spirochetes live how?

Answer 18

anaerobic and free living, some pathogens like syphilis and lyme disease

Question 19

do hyperthermophilic and hadobacteria form a monophyletic group

Answer 19

no

Question 20

What does Actinobacteria look like?

Answer 20

Filamentous spaghetti like bacteria that resemble fungi

Question 21

Do all actinobacteria have a high GC content?

Answer 21

no

Question 22

Describe characteristics of actinobacteria

Answer 22

Mostly aerobic, important decomposers, generally not spore forming (except for Streptomyces), some pathogenic

Question 23

Describe Firmicutes (bacteria group)

Answer 23

rod shaped gram positive bacteria, many form spores, some are pathogenic, some are nitrogen fixing.

Question 24

What are mycoplasmas?

Answer 24

a species of Firmicutes that are obligate parasites and have no cell wall

Question 25

What is unique about Cyanobactceria?

Answer 25

Blue green bacteria that are responsible for origin of chloroplasts and the ONLY group to evolve oxygenic photosynthesis.

Question 26

What is unique about Cyanobacteria?

Answer 26

Diverse blue-green bacteria that are responsible for origin of chloroplasts and the ONLY group to evolve oxygenic photosynthesis. Relatively large, and live in both aquatic environments and on land. All have chlorophyll a. Some can fix Nitrogen.

Question 27

Describe Chlamydias

Answer 27

Very tiny bacteria that lives ONLY has intracellular parasites. Gram negative. Sensitive to penicillin. Common human STD.

Question 28

Describe Proteobacteria

Answer 28

Photosynthetic, anaerobic bacteria. NO oxygen. Some are pathogenic. Instead of chlorophyll a, they use bacteriochlorophylls.