Section 2: Plant Cell Structure

Question 1

prokaryote characteristics

Answer 1

bacteria and archaea
no nucleus, lack specialised organelles
small
circular DNA

Question 2

eukaryotes characteristics

Answer 2

plants, animals, fungi
nucleus, internal membranes (organelles)
large
linear DNA

Question 3

5 plant cell components

Answer 3

nucleus
endomembrane systems (ER, golgi, vacuoles, lysosomes)
plastids (chloroplasts, mitochondria)
cytoskeleton
cell wall

Question 4

plastids (chloroplasts) characteristics

Answer 4

energy metabolism (photosynthesis)
bacterial ribosomes, endosymbiosis of cyano bacteria

Question 5

mitochondria characteristics

Answer 5

energy metabolism (respiration)
bacterial ribosomes, endosymbiosis of alpha proteobacteria

Question 6

similarities between mitochondria and plastids

Answer 6

2 lipid bilayer membranes
circular DNA

Question 7

cell wall functions

Answer 7

structural support
cell size and shape

Question 8

cell wall components

Answer 8

carbohydrates (cellulose)
phenolics (lignin)

Question 9

is cell wall outside or inside plasma membrane?

Answer 9

outside

Question 10

cytoskeleton functions

Answer 10

cell growth
intracellular trafficking

Question 11

cytoskeleton components

Answer 11

protein fiber/filament (2 types)
microtubules: tubulin proteins, hollow rod structure
microfilaments: actin proteins, 2 twisted structure

Question 12

is cytoskeleton inside or outside plasma membrane?

Answer 12

inside

Question 13

plasma membrane

Answer 13

lipid bilayer
polar head and non-polar fatty acid tails

Question 14

draw a plant cell

Question 15

what are the 4 locations where ribosomes are found?

Answer 15

cytosol
rough ER
mitochondria
plastids