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Apex Review > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of astrocytes?
A. Metabolic support to neurons
B. CSF production
C. Phagocytosis
D. Increase neuronal conduction velocity

A

A - metabolic support to neurons

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2
Q

What is the function of Ependymal cells?
A. Metabolic support to neurons
B. CSF production
C. Phagocytosis
D. Increase neuronal conduction velocity

A

B - CSF production

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3
Q

What is the function of Microglia?
A. Metabolic support to neurons
B. CSF production
C. Phagocytosis
D. Increase neuronal conduction velocity

A

C - Phagocytosis

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4
Q

What is the function of Oligodendrocytes?
A. Metabolic support to neurons
B. CSF production
C. Phagocytosis
D. Increase neuronal conduction velocity

A

D - increase neuronal conduction velocity

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5
Q

What forms the myelin sheath in peripheral nerves?

A

Schwann cells

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6
Q

The ____ is the functional unit of the nervous system

A

neuron

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7
Q

What forms grey matter?

A

Cell bodies and nonmyelinated axons

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8
Q

What forms white matter?

A

Myelinated axons

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9
Q

A collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS is called a _____.

A

nucelus

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10
Q

What do glial cells do?

A

Support neuronal function

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11
Q

Name 4 glial cells.

A

Astrocytes, ependymal cells. oligodendrocytes, microglia

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12
Q

Where do most brain tumors arise from?

A

Glial cells

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13
Q

The ____ of neurons form the grey matter.

A

cell body

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14
Q

The ____ of neurons form the white matter.

A

axons

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15
Q

What is the purpose of the dendrite of a neuron?

A

receives and processes signal

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16
Q

What does the axon do?

A

Sends signals

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17
Q

What does the presynaptic terminal of neurons do?

A

Releases NT

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18
Q

What does the soma of neurons do?

A

Integrates signal and cellular machinery

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19
Q

What are the 3 types of neurons found in the CNS?

A
  1. multipolar
  2. pseudounipolar
  3. bipolar
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20
Q

Where are bipolar neurons located?

A

Retina and ear

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21
Q

Where are pseudounipolar neurons located?

A

DRG and cranial ganglion

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22
Q

Most of the CNS neurons are _____ neurons.

A

multipolar

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23
Q

What is known as nerve glue?

A

Glial cells

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24
Q

What is the most abundant type of glial cell?

A

Astrocytes

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25
Q

Which type of glial cell repairs neurons after neuronal injury?

A

Astrocytes

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26
Q

What type of glial cell regulates metabolic environment?

A

Astrocytes

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27
Q

_____ cells are concentrated in the roof of the 3rd and 4th ventricles and spinal canal.

A

Ependymal

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28
Q

What forms the choroid plexus?

A

Ependymal cells

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29
Q

What produces CSF?

A

The choroid plexus

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30
Q

What forms the myelin sheath in the CNS?

A

Oliogdendrocytes

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31
Q

What glial cell acts as macrophages and phagocytizes neuronal debris?

A

Microglia

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32
Q

What is the function of the occipital lobe?
A. Motor cortex
B. Vision
C. Sensation
D. Audition

A

B - vision

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33
Q

What is the function of the Frontal lobe?
A. Motor cortex
B. Vision
C. Sensation
D. Audition

A

A - motor cortex

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34
Q

What is the function of the parietal lobe?
A. Motor cortex
B. Vision
C. Sensation
D. Audition

A

C- sensation

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35
Q

What is the function of the temporal lobe?
A. Motor cortex
B. Vision
C. Sensation
D. Audition

A

D - audition

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36
Q

The brain can be divided into 4 areas:
1. _____________
2. _____________
3. _____________
4. ______________

A
  1. cerebral hemispheres
  2. diencephalon
  3. brainstem
  4. cerebellum
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37
Q

Each ______ is divided into four lobes: frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal.

A

cerebral hemisphere

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38
Q

What contains the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and basal ganglia?

A

the cerebral hemispheres

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39
Q

The _____ contains the thalamus and hypothalamus.

A

Diencephalon

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40
Q

The _____ contains the midbrain, pons, medulla, and reticular activating system.

A

brainsteam

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41
Q

The cerebellum can be divided into the ______, ____, and _____.

A

archeocerebellum, paleocerebellum, and neocerebellum

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42
Q

Where is the corpus callosum located?

A

deep in the longitudinal fissure

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43
Q

What connects the 2 cerebral hemispheres of the brain?

A

The corpus callosum

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44
Q

What is the purpose of Wernicke’s area?

A

understanding of speech

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45
Q

What is the purpose Broca’s area?

A

Motor control of speech

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46
Q

Where is Broca’s area located?

A

The frontal area

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47
Q

T/F: Broca’s area is connected to Wernicke’s area via neural pathways.

A

True

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48
Q

What is the purpose of the cerebral cortex?

A

cognition, movement, and sensatoin

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49
Q

The precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe has what purpsoe?

A

movement

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50
Q

The postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe has what purpose?

A

Sensation

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51
Q

What brain structure is for memory and learning?

A

Hippocampus

52
Q

What part of the brain is responsible for emotion, appetite, response to pain and stressor?

A

Amygadala

53
Q

What part of the brain controls fine control of movement?

A

Basal ganglia

54
Q

What is the purpose of the thalamus?

A

acts as a relay station that directs info to various cortical structures

55
Q

What is the purpose of hypothalamus?

A

primary neurohumoral organ

56
Q

Where are the thalamus and hypothalamus located?

A

Diencephalon

57
Q

What is the purpose of the midbrain?

A

Auditory and visual tracts

58
Q

What is the purpose of the pons?

A

Autonomic integration

59
Q

What is the purpose of the RAS?

A

controls consciousness, arousal, and sleep

60
Q

What is the purpose of the medulla?

A

Autonomic integration

61
Q

What does the archicerebellum do?

A

Maintain equilibrium

62
Q

What does the paleocerebellum do?

A

regulate muscle tone

63
Q

What does the neocerebellum do?

A

Coordinates voluntary muscle movement

64
Q

Where is RAS located?

A

Brainstem

65
Q

Which CN is MOST likely to be compressed by pituitary tumor?
A. Olfactory
B. Optic
C. Oculomotor
D. Facial

A

B - Optic

66
Q

How many CN pairs are there?

A

12

67
Q

CN 1 - ________

A

Olfactory

68
Q

CN 2 - _______

A

Optic

69
Q

CN 3 - _______

A

Oculomotor

70
Q

CN 4 - _______

A

Trochlear

71
Q

CN 5 - ________

A

Trigeminal

72
Q

CN 6 - _________

A

Abducens

73
Q

CN 7 - _________

A

Facial

74
Q

CN 8 - ______-

A

Vestibulocochlear

75
Q

CN 9 - _______-

A

Glossophrayngeal

76
Q

CN 10 - ________

A

Vagus

77
Q

CN 11 - _________

A

Spinal Accessory

78
Q

CN 12 - _________

A

Hypoglossal

79
Q

__________ generates excruciating neuropathic pain in the face. What nerve is associated with it?

A

Tic douloureux; CN 5 (Trigeminal neuraglia CN 5)

80
Q

What CNs control eye movement?

A

CN 3, 4, and 6

81
Q

Bell Palsy results from injury to what CN?

A

CN 7 the facial nerve

82
Q

What does Bell’s palsy cause?

A

Ipsilateral facial paralysis

83
Q

What CNs carry parasympathetic output?

A

CN 3, 7, 9, and 10

84
Q

Sensory or Motor?
CN 1

A

Sensory

85
Q

Sensory or Motor?
CN 2

A

Sensory

86
Q

Sensory or Motor?
CN 3

A

Motor

87
Q

Sensory or Motor?
CN 4

A

Motor

88
Q

Sensory or Motor?
CN 5

A

Both

89
Q

Sensory or Motor?
CN 6

A

Motor

90
Q

Sensory or Motor?
CN 7

A

Both

91
Q

Sensory or Motor?
CN 8

A

Sensory

92
Q

Sensory or Motor?
CN 9

A

Both

93
Q

Sensory or Motor?
CN 10

A

Both

94
Q

Sensory or Motor?
CN 11

A

Motor

95
Q

Sensory or Motor?
CN 12

A

Motor

96
Q

How is the CN tested?
CN 1

A

Smell

97
Q

How is the CN tested?
CN 2

A

Vision

98
Q

How is the CN tested?
CN 3

A

Eye movement and pupil constriction

99
Q

How is the CN tested?
CN 4

A

Eye movement

100
Q

How is the CN tested?
CN 5

A

Somatic sensation to face and anterior 2/3 of tongue; msucles of mastication

101
Q

How is the CN tested?
CN 6

A

eye movement

102
Q

How is the CN tested?
CN 7

A

Facial movement (except mastication), eyelid closing, taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue

103
Q

How is the CN tested?
CN 8

A

hearing and balance

104
Q

How is the CN tested?
CN 9

A

Somatic sensation and taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue

105
Q

How is the CN tested?
CN 10

A

swallowing

106
Q

How is the CN tested?
CN 11

A

shoulder shrug

107
Q

How is the CN tested?
CN 12

A

tongue movement

108
Q

What is the pneumonic to memorize CN function?

A

Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Bad Business to Marry Money

109
Q

What does the inferior oblique muscle do for eye movment?

A

Extorsion and elevation

110
Q

What does the lateral rectus muscle do for eye movment?

A

Abduction

111
Q

What does the superior oblique muscle do for eye movment?

A

Intorsion and depression

112
Q

What does the superior rectus muscle do for eye movment?

A

Supraduction

113
Q

What does the medial rectus muscle do for eye movment?

A

Adduction

114
Q

What does the Inferior rectus muscle do for eye movment?

A

infraduction

115
Q

What CN does inferior oblique function with?

A

CN 3

116
Q

What CN is lateral rectus muscle associated with?

A

CN 6

117
Q

What CN is superior oblique associated with?

A

CN 4

118
Q

What CN is superior rectus associated with?

A

CN 3

119
Q

What CN is medial rectus associated with?

A

CN 3

120
Q

What CN is inferior rectus associated with?

A

CN 3

121
Q

With the exception of the _____, all of the CN are part of the peripheral nervous system.

A

Optic nerve (CN 2)

122
Q

What is the only CN that is surrounded by the dura?

A

Optic nerve CN 2

123
Q

What is the mnemonic for the five branches of the facial nerve?

A

Two Zebras Bit My Carrot

124
Q

What nerve is responsible for 75% of all parasympathetic activity?

A

Vagus

125
Q

What are the five branches of the CN 7?

A
  1. temporal
  2. zygomatic
  3. buccal
  4. mandibular
  5. cervical
126
Q

What are the 3 branches of the CN 5?

A

V1 - ophthalmic
V2 - Maxillary
V3 - mandibular

127
Q

What muscle is associated with CN6? What movement?

A

Lateral rectus; abducens

Apex Review (5 decks)

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