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Respiratory physiology > lung volumes & alveolar ventilation > Flashcards

lung volumes & alveolar ventilation Flashcards

1
Q

Define the term ‘tidal volume’

A
  • the air inhaled and exhaled in normal respiration in one breath
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2
Q

What amount of air (**in ml*) is the tidal volume?

A

500ml is inhaled and 500ml is exhaled

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3
Q

Define** inspiratory reverse volume** (IRV)

A
  • the amount of air** in excess of tidal inspiration** that can be inhaled with maximum effort
  • ie the amount of air inhaled after tidal volume inspiration
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4
Q

Define expiratory reverse volume (ERV)

A

the amount of air** in excess of tidal expiration** that can be exhaled with max effort
* ie the forceful expiration of air beyond tidal volume exspiration

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5
Q

Define residual volume

A
  • the amount of air** remaining in the lungs after maximum expiration**
  • air has to remain in lungs because otherwise the lungs would collapse
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6
Q

What is the purpose / function of the residual volume?

A
  • keeps the alveoli** inflated between breaths **and mixes with fresh air on next inspiration
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7
Q

Define vital capacity (VC)

A
  • The amount of air that can be exhaled with max effort after max inspiration (ERV +TV +IRV)
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8
Q

What is vital capacity used to assess?

A
  • it is used to** assess strength of thoracic muscles as well as pulmonary function**
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9
Q

Define inspiratory capacity

A
  • the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal tidal expiration (TV + IRV)
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10
Q

Define functional residual capacity (FRC)

A
  • the amount of air remaining in the lungs after a normal tidal exspiration
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11
Q

Define the total lung capacity (TLC)

A
  • the max amount of air that the lungs can contain
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12
Q

what is spirometry?

A

the measurement of lungs volumes and flow

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13
Q

what is the function of a spriometer?

A

any device used to measure lung volumes or flow
* different types eg bellow spirometer

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14
Q

Why cant total lung capacity (TLC), **functional residual capacity **(FRC) and residual volume (RV) be measured on a spirometer?

A
  • this is because a spirometer only measures the volumes that can be inhaled or exhaled
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15
Q

What is the purpose of pulmonary function test?

what does the test provide? what does it determine?

A
  • this test provides information on a patients lung function
  • it can sense any abnormalities and monitor disease progression
  • it can also determine fitness for surgical procedures
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16
Q

What is** ventilation (Ve) **and what is its value in ml/min?

A
  • total volume of air entering the lung each minute
  • value is 7500ml/min
17
Q

What is the **respiratory rate **in breaths/min?

A

**15 **breaths/min

18
Q

What are the 3 types of ‘dead space’?

A
  1. anatomical dead space
  2. physiological dead space
  3. experimental dead space
19
Q

what is the total ventilation calculation?

A

Ve= Vt (tidal volume) x F (respiratory rate)
therefore Ve = 500ml x 15 breaths/min=7500ml/min

20
Q

what is the calculation for alveolar ventilation?

A

* Va= (Vt-Vd) xF
* NOTE Vd = dead space
* therefore, Va= (500ml- 150ml (in eg) x 15 breaths/min = 5250ml/min

21
Q

Define anatomical dead space

A
  • volume of air that** does not take place in gas exchange **
22
Q

What is the value of the anatomical dead space equal to?

A

* approx equal to a person’s weight eg a 150lbs man has a anatomical dead space of 150ml of air

23
Q

define the **physiological dead space **

A

the sum of the anatomical dead space and the alveolar dead space

24
Q

what is the purpose of the alveolar gas equation?

A

this equation is used to calculate the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli

25
Q

what is the difference between Pa and PA

A

PA= partial pressure in alveoli
Pa- partial aterial pressure

26
Q

What is the alveolar gas equation?

A

PAO2= FiO2 x (Patm-Ph20)- PaCO2/R

note Patm = 760mmHg
PH20=47 mmHg (this is the molecules of h20 in the respiratory tract for moisture)
Fi= 0.21

27
Q

what is the definition & value of R in the alveolar gas equation?

A
  • the **respiratory co - efficient **- ie for how many oxygen molecules are consumed, how many carbon dioxide molecules are produced?
  • value is 0.8
28
Q

what is the bohr equation and what is it used for?

A
  • to measure the physiological dead space & quantify the ratio of dead space to tidal volume
  • VD/Vt= (PACO2- PECO2)/PACO2
  • note PECO2= partial pressure of expired CO2
29
Q

what is the range of % that is defined as a healthy physiological dead space

A

between 20-40%

Respiratory physiology (17 decks)

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