behaviourism

Question 1

What is the behaviourist approach?

Answer 1

Explaining behaviour in terms of what is learnt and observed

Question 2

What is classical conditioning?

Answer 2

MCS and NS paired to produce CR

Question 3

What is operant conditioning?

Answer 3

Learning through rewards and punishment

Question 4

What is negative reinforcement?

Answer 4

avoiding an unpleasant/dangerous situation

Question 5

What is envirionmental determinism?

Answer 5

Humans have little choice in behaviour it id a product of environmental learning

Question 6

What are the assumptions?

Answer 6

-Concerned with observable and measurable events/ behaviours that can be measured in controlled scientific way
- Tabula Rasa: all born on a blank slate
- Animals learn behaviours the same way as humans
- All behaviour can be reduced to a stimulus response association

Question 7

What are the key researchers for classical conditioning?

Answer 7

Pavlov and Watson (1919)

Question 8

Who is the main researcher for operant conditioning?

Answer 8

Skinner (1955)

Question 9

Ao3 - behaviourism

Answer 9

✅contributed to psych as a science> rejected introspection, encouraged research on objective behaviours and use of scientific methods> increased validity and reliability of
human benaviour> credibility and funding
✅real world application> phobias- classical and operant conditioning> shows how behaviours are learnt in real life> increases validity
❌too reductionist> ignores other explanations on how behaviours are developed> biological, cognitive, emotional> Skinner counted said behaviour is more scientific and objective> too simple explanation alone
❌animal extrapolations research on animals» assumes human and animals are the
same> humans brains are qualitatively different> reduces validity