Introduction And Basics Flashcards
Function of the urinary tract
- to collect urine produced continually by the kidneys
- to store urine safely
- to expel urine when socially acceptable
Describe the anatomy and blood supply of the kidneys
-Retroperitoneal organs
- lie between t11-l3
-blood supply from renal artery direct from aorta at l1
Describe the anatomy of the ureters
-retroperitoneal organs
- run over psoas muscle , cross the iliac vessels at the pelvic brim and insert into trigone of bladder
- reflux of urine is prevented by a valvular mechanism at the vescoureteric junction
Main muscle in the bladder
Detrusor
How do males remain continent
Long male urethra
Strong external urethral sphincter of skeletal muscle
Internal urethral sphincter
Muscular tissue at bladder neck
Prostate has muscle and glandular tissue
Why are women more prone to incontinence
Muscle at bladder neck is weak
Mostly rely on external urethral sphincter
Activation of hypogastric nerve causes
Detrusor muscle relaxation by noradrenaline
Activation of pelvic nerve causes
Detrusor muscle relaxation
Activation of pudendal nerve causes..
Contraction of external urethral sphincter by ach
Where is pudendal nerve activated
Onufs nucleus
What occurs in the filling phase
Bladder fills with urine from ureters
Increase in fluid volume
Stretch of bladder sends afferent signals via pelvic nerve
Inhibition of parasympathetic
Detrusor relaxation
Ext sphincter contraction
Somatic activation leads to
Sphincter contraction
Describe the voiding phase
As bladder fills , sensory fibres become rapid
Once threshold reached transmitted to pag
Pontine micturition is not activated if not possible to void
Parasympathetic activated if voiding is acceptable , detrusor contraction, ext sphincter relaxation
