Ch.2

Question 1

insulate, nourish, and support neurons (approx. same amount of glia as neurons)

Answer 1

glia

Question 2

stains entire neuron, not just cell body (can distinguish components of neuron)

Answer 2

golgi stain

Question 3

neurons are a physically connected system (wrong)

Answer 3

reticular theory

Question 4

neurons communicate by contact not continuity

Answer 4

neuron doctrine

Question 5

specialized cells for electrical communication

Answer 5

neurons

Question 6

the neurons cell body

Answer 6

soma

Question 7

important components of soma

Answer 7

nucleus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, mitochondrion

Question 8

studded with ribosomes, major site of protein synthesis

Answer 8

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 9

protein folding, regulating cellular calcium concentration

Answer 9

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 10

protein modifications, sorting proteins for delivery

Answer 10

golgi apparatus

Question 11

site of cellular respiration, ATP production

Answer 11

mitochondrion

Question 12

process of transferring information to mRNA

Answer 12

transcription factor binds DNA, RNA polymerase binds promoter to start transcription

Question 13

what removes introns and changes mRNA

Answer 13

RNA splicing

Question 14

cytoskeleton main components (gives neuron its shape)

Answer 14

microfilaments
neurofilaments
microtubules

Question 15

function: delivering information from one cell to the next

Answer 15

axon

Question 16

the _____ of the axon determines the speed of information transfer

Answer 16

diameter

Question 17

contains many mitochondria and synaptic vessels/ membrane proteins

Answer 17

axon terminal

Question 18

point of contact between two neurons

Answer 18

synapse

Question 19

presynaptic structure

Answer 19

axon terminal

Question 20

postsynaptic structure

Answer 20

dendrite or soma of another neuron

Question 21

synaptic cleft

Answer 21

space between the two neurons

Question 22

presynaptic cell passes electrical impulses to postsynaptic cell via chemical messengers or

Answer 22

neurotransmitters

Question 23

where are neurotransmitters stored

Answer 23

vesicles of axon terminals

Question 24

axoplasmic transport can be ____ and ____

Answer 24

anterograde and retorograde

Question 25

anterograde transport is movement from ____ to the _______

Answer 25

soma, axon terminal

Question 25

anterograde transport is movement from ____ to the _______

Answer 25

soma, axon terminal

Question 26

_____ moves vesicles down the microtubules and requires ATP
(anterograde transport)

Answer 26

kinesin

Question 27

movement from ______ to the _____;

Answer 27

axon terminal, soma

Question 28

______ moves vesicles along the microtubules back to soma

Answer 28

dyein

Question 29

receivers of information from other neurons, receptor proteins in membrane bind neurotransmitters

Answer 29

dendrites

Question 30

fewer dendritic spines can cause _____ ______

Answer 30

intellectual disability

Question 31

site of synaptic contacts in dendrites; structure and number are plastic

Answer 31

dendritic spines

Question 32

Classification of a neuron can be based off four elements of their structure

Answer 32

number of neurites (axons+dendrites), dendrite structure (spine and number) , connections (motor, sensory), axon length

Question 33

provide structural support for neurons, regulate chemical content of extracellular fluid, contain neurotransmitters

Answer 33

astrocytes

Question 34

myelin sheath on CNS axons

Answer 34

oligodendroglia

Question 35

myelin sheath on peripheral axons

Answer 35

schwann cells

Question 36

disruption of sheath

Answer 36

nodes of ranvier

Question 37

cells lining ventricles

Answer 37

ependymal cells

Question 38

remove cellular debris

Answer 38

microglia