Unit 6 Mods 42-45

Question 1

Developmental psychology

Answer 1

A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span

Question 2

Zygote

Answer 2

The fertilized egg; it enters a 2 week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo

Question 3

Embryo

Answer 3

The developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month

Question 4

Fetus

Answer 4

The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth

Question 5

Teratogens

Answer 5

“Monster makers” agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm

Question 6

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Answer 6

Physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman’s heavy drinking. In severe cases, signs include a small, out of proportion head and abnormal facial features

Question 7

Habituation

Answer 7

Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. As infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a stimulus, their interest waned and they look away sooner

Question 8

Maturation

Answer 8

Biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively un influenced by experience

Question 9

Cognition

Answer 9

All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

Question 10

Schema

Answer 10

A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information

Question 11

Assimilation

Answer 11

Interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas

Question 12

Accommodation

Answer 12

Adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information

Question 13

Sensorimotor stage

Answer 13

In Piaget’s theory, the stage (from birth to nearly 2) during which infants no the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities

Question 14

Object permanence

Answer 14

The awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived

Question 15

Preoperational stage

Answer 15

In Piaget‘s theory, the stage (about 2 to 6 or 7) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic

Question 16

Conservation

Answer 16

The principle (Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects

Question 17

Egocentrism

Answer 17

In Piaget’s theory, the preoperational child’s difficulty taking another’s point of view

Question 18

Theory of mind

Answer 18

Peoples ideas about their own and others mental states— about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviors these might predict

Question 19

Concrete operational stage

Answer 19

In Piaget‘s theory, the stage of cognitive development (7 to 11) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events

Question 20

Formal operational stage

Answer 20

In PJs theory, the stage of cognitive development (12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts

Question 21

Scaffold

Answer 21

A framework that offers children temporary support as they develop higher levels of thinking

Question 22

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Answer 22

A disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by significant deficiencies in communication and social interaction, and by rigidly fixated interest and repetitive behaviors

Question 23

Stranger anxiety

Answer 23

The fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning at 8 months

Question 24

Attachment

Answer 24

An emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by there seeking closeness to their caregiver and showing the stress upon separation

Question 25

Critical period

Answer 25

An Optimal period early in the life of an organism When exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces normal development

Question 26

Imprinting

Answer 26

The process by which certain animals form strong attachment during early life

Question 27

Strange situation

Answer 27

A procedure for studying kit child caregiver attachment; a child is placed in an unfamiliar environment while their caregiver leaves and then returns, and the child’s reactions are observed

Question 28

Secure attachment

Answer 28

Demonstrated by infants who comfortably explore environments in the presence of their caregiver, so only temporary distress when the caregiver leaves, and find comfort in the caregivers return

Question 29

Insecure attachment

Answer 29

Demonstrated by infants hoop display either a clinging, anxious attachment for an avoidant attachment that resist closeness

Question 30

Temperament

Answer 30

A persons characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity

Question 31

Basic trust

Answer 31

According to Eric Erickson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be performed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers

Question 32

Self concept

Answer 32

All our thoughts and feelings about ourselves in answer to the question who am I