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VINIFICATION > FILTRATION & CLARIFICATION > Flashcards

FILTRATION & CLARIFICATION Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of filtration?

A

Retaining the solid particles, suspended in a liquid, by passage through a porous wall which constitutes a filter

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2
Q

What type of filtration do you use for ions?

A

Reverse osmosis
Electro dialyse

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3
Q

What type of filtration do you use for molecules?

A

Nano filtration

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4
Q

What type of filtration do you use for colloïdes?

A

Ultra filtration

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5
Q

What kind of filtration do you use for bacteria?

A

Micro filtration

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6
Q

What kind of filtration do you use for yeast?

A

General filtration

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7
Q

What kind of filtration do you use for regular size (?) particles

A

Screening

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8
Q

What is the difference between ‘front’ and ‘tangential’ sieving?

A

Front: Vertical flow of liquid towards the membrane
Tangential: Cross-flow of liquid parallel of the membrane

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9
Q

Which kind of ‘flow’ has depth filtration? (front/tangential)

A

Only front

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10
Q

What is them main pro of tangential filtering?

A

The membrane get less clogged due to the tangentially movement of the liquid

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11
Q

In what (3) ways can there be interception in the membrane during depth filtration?

A

Interception
Sedimentation
Adsorbtion

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12
Q

What is specific about a volumetric pomp?

A

It has a ‘by-pass’ valve that regulates the flow and pressure

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13
Q

What is the definition of porosity (%)?

A

The empty volume of a filter compared to it’s total volume

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14
Q

What is the definition of a pore diameter

A

The diameter of the holes in the filter

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15
Q

What is the definition of permeability?

A

The more or less easy it is for a liquid to pass the filter. High permeability allows easy flow through. Low permeability less easy flow, earlier clogged.

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16
Q

Name 3 examples of types of rough filtration

A

Alluvial filter (earth)
Hollow frame press filter
Press filter

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17
Q

Name two examples of fine filtration

A

Membrane filter
Lenticullary filter
(= the ones prior to botteling)

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18
Q

Name two types of must/lees filteration

A

Lees filter
Vacuum rotary filter

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19
Q

What kind of filter is earth filtration? (front/tangential)

A

Rough filtration
Front sieve (vertical flow)

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20
Q

What kind of filter is earth filtration? (front/tangential)

A

Rough filtration
Front sieve (vertical flow)

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21
Q

Which type of filter uses ‘single-celled algae shell’?

A

Earth filtration - diatomaceous earth or kieselguhr

22
Q

Do you use perlite instead of diatomaceous earth for filtration for a very cloudy must?

A

Perlite has a higher permeability
Rough filtration due to high permeability

23
Q

For what do you use a press filter?

A

For must and wine lees

24
Q

What types of methods can be used to extract must lees? (4)

A

Cold setteling
Flottation
Centrifugation
Dried matter (?)

25
Q

Which method of extracting must lees will remove the most part of the lees? (?)

A

Cold settling

26
Q

Name 4 advantages of horizontal support

A

Excellent cake hold
Stop and restart possible
Filtering to the end
Cakes in pasty shapes

27
Q

Name 4 disadvantages of horizontal support

A

Surface/volume divided by 2
Very high
More delicate cleaning
More sophisticated to handle

28
Q

Name two types of cellulose filtration

A

Plate and frame filter
Lenticular filter

29
Q

What do we mean by polyfiltration?

A

A press filter with 2 or more filter cycles
Reducing time and oxidation

30
Q

What are the three ‘levels’ of filtration with plate filtration?

A

Degreasing (most coarse)
Clarifying
Sterilizing

31
Q

What is the maximum amount of viable germs/L in dry white after filtration? And in wine with rs?

A

Dry white: 100 germs per L
White with rs: 10 germs per L

32
Q

What size um will remove all microorganisms and some macro molecules?

A

0,2um

33
Q

Where is a membrane filter used for?

A

Sterile filtration.

at 90C (Noelle edit = 90C is cleaning temperature, not filtration temp)

34
Q

What kind of membranes do we have? (4)

A

Plan membrane
Spiral membrane
Hollow fibers
Ceramic tubular

35
Q

What do a spiral and plan membrane have in common?

A

They are both layered.
Only difference is that a spiral membrane is twisted

36
Q

What do we mean by the back flush system?

A

You backflush when you have a clogged filter or when you want to clean. Not every filter (like lenticular) is suitable.

37
Q

What options do you have when your filter is clogged? (4)

A

Back flush
renewal
Rinse
Cleaning in place

38
Q

In what case do you choose for sterile filtration?

A

When you want complete stability
For a wine with short shelf life
Wine aimed for supermarkets and export

39
Q

What could be arguments for coarse or no filtration?

A

Wine aimed for long ageing
Tradition

40
Q

Why is a frontal sieve filtration the best for sterile filtration

A
41
Q

How does pressure relate to the density of the liquid?

A

The higher the density the higher the pressure

42
Q

What do we mean by pre-coating?

A

The little layer of clean earth you need to prepare the filter surface with in order to protect it and make it more easy to clean

43
Q

How many hours do we count for the gross lees?

A

24 hours

44
Q

What is the micron size for sterile filtration?

A

0,65um officially
0,45um to be sure
0,20 sterile sterile

45
Q

What is the consequence of waiting between filtering without cleaning

A

Tannin react with polysaccharides and form bigger particles causing quicker clogging

46
Q

Which principles do you need to take into consideration with depth filtration? (3)

A

The flow
The capacity
The pressure

47
Q

What is the principle of alluvial filtration process?

A

The solide particles are caught in the earth matrix. Less clogging but increasing pressure.

48
Q

Name what is removed at the different pore sizes: 0,2-0,8um, 0,65um, 0,45um, 0,2um

A

0,2-0,8um = yeast
0,65um = yeast and bacteria
0,45 um = all micro-organism (seen as sterile)
0,2um all micro-organism and some macro molecules

49
Q

What the main feature of crossflow in relation with backflush?

A

Constant backflush during ongoing process. Avoids clogging.

50
Q

What is the principal of depth filtration

A

Interception
Sedimentation
Absorption Zeta Potential

VINIFICATION (13 decks)

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