MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS/FUNCTIONS: APPENDICULAR/UPPER LIMB/LOWER LIMB MUSCULATURE

Question 1

Appendicular Musculature

Answer 1

Associated with the appendicular skeleton (limb bones, including shoulder and pelvic girdles)

Question 2

Innervation of Appendicular Musculature

Answer 2

By spinal nerves forming plexuses (network of nerve bundles) - with exception of trapezius (CN XI)

Question 3

Attachments of Appendicular Musculature

Answer 3

On axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton

Question 4

How are limb muscles organized?

Answer 4

Into compartments (each muscle compartment is innervated by a specific nerve branch of a plexus)

Question 5

Movements of Appendicular Musculature

Answer 5

Muscle contraction causes a limb segment to move in a specific plane at a given joint

Question 6

Upper Limb Musculature Innervation

Answer 6

Innervated by branches of the brachial plexus (levels C5 to T1 of spinal cord), except trapezius (CN XI)

Question 7

What are the four major groups crossing upper limb joints?

Answer 7

Shoulder (pectoral girdle), arm, forearm, and hand

Question 8

Major functions of upper limb musculature:

Answer 8

Upper limb joints are designed for mobility (rather than stability)

Question 9

4 important functional roles of the upper limb:

Answer 9

1. Reaching
2. Throwing
3. Grasping
4. Manipulating

Question 10

Upper Limb Musculature Areas:

Answer 10

1. Muscles positioning the pectoral girdle
2. Muscles moving the arm
3. Muscles moving the forearm and hand
4. Muscles moving the hand and digits

Question 11

Lower Limb Musculature Innervation:

Answer 11

Innervated by branches of the lumbosacral plexus (levels L2 to S3 of spinal cord)

Question 12

What are the four major muscle groups crossing lower limb joints?

Answer 12

Hip (pelvic girdle), thigh, leg, and foot

Question 13

Major functions of lower limb musculature:

Answer 13

Lower limb joints are designed for stability (with various degrees of mobility depending on joint)

Question 14

3 important functional roles of the lower limb:

Answer 14

1. Locomotion
2. Posture
3. Balance

Question 15

Lower Limb Musculature Areas:

Answer 15

1. Muscles moving the thigh
2. Muscles moving the leg
3. Muscles moving the foot and toes (digits)