liberalism

Question 1

core ideas

Answer 1

individualism

freedom/liberty
harm principle
Rationalism
Equality/ social justice
liberal democracy

state

Question 2

John Stuart Mill

Answer 2

Harm principle

argued in favour of tolerance

Question 3

John Locke

Answer 3

Social contract theory

Mechanist Theory

government must be limited and based on consent

right to govern must come from the people

ideal government not fully demorcratic must be separation of powers tho

Question 3

John Locke

Answer 3

Social contract theory

Mechanist Theory

government must be limited and based on consent

right to govern must come from the people

ideal government not fully demorcratic must be separation of powers tho

Question 4

Wollstonecraft

Answer 4

asked why women did not have these rights
women can contribute to society if educated

Question 5

Betty friedan

Answer 5

examined role of public and private spheres

agreed with limited role of governemnt

women trapped in domestic life reform via legislation and pressure groups

Question 6

John Rawls

Answer 6

veil of ignorance

opt for much fairer system
aim of gov should be to achieve liberty for all

Question 7

individualism

Answer 7

• individual should be at the centre of political thought must always take priority over any group

every person born of equal value

Question 8

human nature

Answer 8

human nature is rational and individuals are capable of making moral judgements

Question 9

egoistical individualism

Answer 9

connected to classical liberalism

suggests that humans are egotistical and self seeking and put themselves before others.

Question 10

developmental individualism

Answer 10

connected to modern liberalism, this suggests that true freedom is the ability to achive goals and potential so that if one person is not free no one is

Question 11

negative freedom

Answer 11

absence of external constraints on actions

individuals total control over the private sphere of the home and personal life

Question 12

positive freedoms

Answer 12

ability to acheive ones potential and to achive personal goals

not only in the absence of external constraints but the ability to be fufilled and not have ones talents wasted

Question 13

tolerance

Answer 13

acceptance of a wide range of beliefs and lifesyles cultures and religions

Question 14

harm principle

Answer 14

Mills thoery

individuals should be thier own masters in every way

there should be no intervention in thier activities unless it can be seen that they will harm others

Question 15

limited government

Answer 15

system of checks and balances such s separation of powers

in order to prevent the concentration of power and the tendency of those in authority to attempt to increase thier power

Question 16

enabling state

Answer 16

associated with modern liberalism

offers handup not handout

to ensure that individuals are helped to achieve their ambitions and aims can be free in a positive state

Question 17

mechanistic theory

Answer 17

in opposition of idea of organic society

the state is an artificial creation

devised by man to protect individual freedom

Question 18

social contract theory

Answer 18

government based on contract between citizens and the state

citizens agree to give up limited part of their freedom

in return for protection of law

Question 19

Rationalism

Answer 19

Humans have an innate understanding of right and wrong

can make logical decisions based on facts

individual is best judge of thier own actions

individuals should be given as much freedom as possible

Question 20

foundational equality

Answer 20

all born equal

natrual inalienable rights

impossible to take away

Question 21

formal equality

Answer 21

equality before law

equality must be ensured by law

must treat everyone the same

Question 22

equality of opportunity

Answer 22

everyone should have the same chances to get on in life and to achieve goals

regardless of social background

Question 23

Meritocracy

Answer 23

a society in which everyone has the chance to better themselves based on equal opportunity

Question 24

liberal democracy

Answer 24

classical liberals concerned about democracy as they beleive that it will lead to collectivisation js mill

modern liberals like democracy best way to limit power of the state

Question 25

classical liberalism

Answer 25

negative freedom

humans best judges of own actions

atomism

human nature is selfish

state should only prevent people from harming eachother

laissez faire capitalism

reject welfare state
suspicious of democracy

Question 26

modern liberalism

Answer 26

Keynesian economics
beleif in positive freedom

Question 27

keynesian economics

Answer 27

rejects lazzaire faire capitlaims and advocates for state intevention and investment in ecomony to protect workers

Question 28

libs on human nature

Answer 28

not governed by passions and emotions but by reason