nutrition lect 1 cont Flashcards

1
Q

what is the major source of carbohydrates that we consume ?

A

plants

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2
Q

Dietary fiber is defined :

A

non digestible carbohydrates and lignin (a complex polymer of phenyl propanoid subunits) present in plants.

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3
Q

*High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is :

A

corn syrups that have undergone enzymatic
processing. to convert their glucose into
fructose

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4
Q

*Composition and metabolism of HFCS
and sucrose. differ that :

A

HFCS is ingested as a mixture of
monosaccharides.

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5
Q

Recommended intake(AI) for total fiber: :

A

38g/d for men
25g/d for women

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6
Q

Soluble fibers delay gastric emptying and also :

A

sensation of fullness
and
reduce peaks of blood glucose following a meal.

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7
Q

Soluble fibers lowers total and LDL cholesterol
levels by

A

increasing fecal bile acid excretion
and interfering with bile acid reabsorption

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8
Q

The main role of dietary protein:

A

maintenance of tissue
structure ,function and integrity.

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9
Q

Some amino acids are precursors of biologically active compounds, e.g.

A

epinephrine, serotonin.

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10
Q

*In case of dietary restriction, dietary protein is used as

A

energy after removal of amino group and
conversion into glucose or keto acids and fatty acids.

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11
Q

Positive nitrogen balance occur :

A

child development
pregnancy
recovery from illness (convalescing)

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12
Q

Negative nitrogen balance occur :

A

Dietary intake is insufficient
One of the essential amino acids is deficient
stress as in injury , sepsis, and cancer
protein loss e.g. nephrotic syndrome, burns

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13
Q

*Quality of proteins is measured by :

A

ability to provide the essential amino acids required for tissue maintenance.

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14
Q

*Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score
(PDCAAS) is:

A

the standard adopted to evaluate
protein quality.

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15
Q

PDCAAS is based upon :

A

profile of essential AA and digestibility of protein.

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16
Q

wheat may be combined with kidney beans because :

A

wheat =(lysine-deficient but methionine rich)

kidney beans =methionine poor but lysine rich)

17
Q

*The usefulness of the protein is expressed in
terms

A

net protein utilization (NPU) or
biological value (BV).

18
Q

*Proteins with high BV or NPU are :

A

higher quality.

19
Q

Athletes may benefit from extra protein to maintain muscle mass; a daily intake of about :

A

1 g/kg/day.

20
Q

Pregnant or lactating women require

A

2 g/kg/day to support growth of
their children

21
Q

Protein consumed in excess of the body’s needs

A

deaminated
to give carbon skeleton
to provide energy or acetyl CoA for
fatty acid synthesis.

22
Q

excess protein is eliminated from the body

A

urinary nitrogen
often accompanied by increased urinary calcium,
and increasing the risk of
nephrolithiasis and osteoporosis.

23
Q

Protein-energy (calorie) malnutrition (PEM)
in developed countries :

A

medical conditions that decrease appetite or
alter digestion or absorption of nutrients.

24
Q

Protein-energy (calorie) malnutrition (PEM) IN developing countries :

A

Inadequate intake of protein and/or
energy

25
Q

symptoms of PEM include

A

depressed immune system, with reduced
ability to resist infection

26
Q

1.Kwashiorkor:

A

when protein deprivation is relatively greater
than the reduction in total calories.

27
Q

1.Kwashiorkor:

A

when protein deprivation is relatively greater
than the reduction in total calories.

28
Q

Kwashiorkor symptoms :

A

stunted growth, edema,
* skin lesions, depigmented hair,
* anorexia, enlarged fatty liver,
* and decreased plasma albumin concentration.

29
Q

Edema results from

A

lack of adequate plasma proteins to maintain
the distribution of water between blood and tissues.

30
Q

Marasmus

A

when calorie deprivation is relatively
greater than the reduction in protein.

31
Q

Typical symptoms include of marasmus:

A

arrested growth,
* extreme muscle wasting (emaciation)
, weakness, and anemia.

32
Q

Anorexia Nervosa is :

A

neurological eating disorder happen in young females
associated with abnormal impression of body
image with continuous fear sensation of getting
obese.