nutrition lect 1 cont

Question 1

what is the major source of carbohydrates that we consume ?

Answer 1

plants

Question 2

Dietary fiber is defined :

Answer 2

non digestible carbohydrates and lignin (a complex polymer of phenyl propanoid subunits) present in plants.

Question 3

*High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is :

Answer 3

corn syrups that have undergone enzymatic
processing. to convert their glucose into
fructose

Question 4

*Composition and metabolism of HFCS
and sucrose. differ that :

Answer 4

HFCS is ingested as a mixture of
monosaccharides.

Question 5

Recommended intake(AI) for total fiber: :

Answer 5

38g/d for men
25g/d for women

Question 6

Soluble fibers delay gastric emptying and also :

Answer 6

sensation of fullness
and
reduce peaks of blood glucose following a meal.

Question 7

Soluble fibers lowers total and LDL cholesterol
levels by

Answer 7

increasing fecal bile acid excretion
and interfering with bile acid reabsorption

Question 8

The main role of dietary protein:

Answer 8

maintenance of tissue
structure ,function and integrity.

Question 9

Some amino acids are precursors of biologically active compounds, e.g.

Answer 9

epinephrine, serotonin.

Question 10

*In case of dietary restriction, dietary protein is used as

Answer 10

energy after removal of amino group and
conversion into glucose or keto acids and fatty acids.

Question 11

Positive nitrogen balance occur :

Answer 11

child development
pregnancy
recovery from illness (convalescing)

Question 12

Negative nitrogen balance occur :

Answer 12

Dietary intake is insufficient
One of the essential amino acids is deficient
stress as in injury , sepsis, and cancer
protein loss e.g. nephrotic syndrome, burns

Question 13

*Quality of proteins is measured by :

Answer 13

ability to provide the essential amino acids required for tissue maintenance.

Question 14

*Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score
(PDCAAS) is:

Answer 14

the standard adopted to evaluate
protein quality.

Question 15

PDCAAS is based upon :

Answer 15

profile of essential AA and digestibility of protein.

Question 16

wheat may be combined with kidney beans because :

Answer 16

wheat =(lysine-deficient but methionine rich)

kidney beans =methionine poor but lysine rich)

Question 17

*The usefulness of the protein is expressed in
terms

Answer 17

net protein utilization (NPU) or
biological value (BV).

Question 18

*Proteins with high BV or NPU are :

Answer 18

higher quality.

Question 19

Athletes may benefit from extra protein to maintain muscle mass; a daily intake of about :

Answer 19

1 g/kg/day.

Question 20

Pregnant or lactating women require

Answer 20

2 g/kg/day to support growth of
their children

Question 21

Protein consumed in excess of the body’s needs

Answer 21

deaminated
to give carbon skeleton
to provide energy or acetyl CoA for
fatty acid synthesis.

Question 22

excess protein is eliminated from the body

Answer 22

urinary nitrogen
often accompanied by increased urinary calcium,
and increasing the risk of
nephrolithiasis and osteoporosis.

Question 23

Protein-energy (calorie) malnutrition (PEM)
in developed countries :

Answer 23

medical conditions that decrease appetite or
alter digestion or absorption of nutrients.

Question 24

Protein-energy (calorie) malnutrition (PEM) IN developing countries :

Answer 24

Inadequate intake of protein and/or
energy

Question 25

symptoms of PEM include

Answer 25

depressed immune system, with reduced
ability to resist infection

Question 26

1.Kwashiorkor:

Answer 26

when protein deprivation is relatively greater
than the reduction in total calories.

Question 27

1.Kwashiorkor:

Answer 27

when protein deprivation is relatively greater
than the reduction in total calories.

Question 28

Kwashiorkor symptoms :

Answer 28

stunted growth, edema,
* skin lesions, depigmented hair,
* anorexia, enlarged fatty liver,
* and decreased plasma albumin concentration.

Question 29

Edema results from

Answer 29

lack of adequate plasma proteins to maintain
the distribution of water between blood and tissues.

Question 30

Marasmus

Answer 30

when calorie deprivation is relatively
greater than the reduction in protein.

Question 31

Typical symptoms include of marasmus:

Answer 31

arrested growth,
* extreme muscle wasting (emaciation)
, weakness, and anemia.

Question 32

Anorexia Nervosa is :

Answer 32

neurological eating disorder happen in young females
associated with abnormal impression of body
image with continuous fear sensation of getting
obese.