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histo lab > Introduction to Microscopy > Flashcards

Introduction to Microscopy Flashcards

1
Q

The science of tissues.

A

Histology

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2
Q

Greek word for web or tissue

A

histos

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3
Q

Greek word for branch of learning

A

logia

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4
Q

This word was used to describe the different textures of body parts being dissected by an anatomist.

A

Tissue

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5
Q

Involves all aspects of tissue biology, with the focus on how cells’ structure and arrangement optimize functions specific to each organ.

A

Histology

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6
Q

In the light microscope, it focuses light rays at a specific place called the __________.

A

Focal point

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7
Q

In the light microscope, the distance between center of lens and focal point is the __________.

A

Focal length

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8
Q

The strength of lens is related to focal length.

A. True
B. False

A

True

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9
Q

Short focal length results to more magnification.

A. True
B. False

A

True

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10
Q

Types of Microscope

A

Light microscope
Electron microscope

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11
Q

Types of Light Microscope

A

Bright-field microscope
Dark-field microscope
Phase-contrast microscope
Fluorescence microscope
Confocal microscope

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12
Q

Produces a dark image against a brighter background.

A. Bright-field microscope
B. Dark-field microscope
C. Phase-contrast microscope
D. Fluorescence microscope
E. Confocal microscope

A

Bright-field microscope

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13
Q

Bright-field microscope has several objective lenses.

A. True
B. False

A

True

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14
Q

Product of the magnifications of the ocular lenses and the objective lenses.

A

Total magnification

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15
Q

Ability of a lens to separate or distinguish small objects that are close together.

A

Microscope resolution

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16
Q

The shorter the wavelength, the greater the resolution.

A. True
B. False

A

True

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17
Q

It determines the resolving power of an objective.

A. Microscope resolution
B. Numerical aperture
C. Working distance
D. Focal length

A

Numerical aperture

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18
Q

The higher the numerical aperture of the total system, the better the resolution.

A. True
B. False

A

True

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19
Q

Distance between the front surface of lens and surface of cover glass or specimen when it is sharp focus.

A. Microscope resolution
B. Numerical aperture
C. Working distance
D. Focal length

A

Working distance

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20
Q

Total magnification of the red band.

A

40x

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21
Q

Total magnification of the yellow band.

A

100x

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22
Q

Total magnification of the blue band.

A

400x

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23
Q

Total magnification of the white band.

A

1000x

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24
Q

In oil immersion, light rays that couldn’t pass through the objective lens because of reflection or refraction at the surface of the objective lens will now do so if immersion oil is used in place of air. This results in an increase in resolution and numerical aperture.

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the first statement is true
D. Only the second statement is true

A

Both statements are true

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25
Q

The image is formed by light refracted or by specimen.

A. Bright-field microscope
B. Dark-field microscope
C. Phase-contrast microscope
D. Fluorescence microscope
E. Confocal microscope

A

Dark-field microscope

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26
Q

Produces bright image of the object against a dark background.

A. Bright-field microscope
B. Dark-field microscope
C. Phase-contrast microscope
D. Fluorescence microscope
E. Confocal microscope

A

Dark-field microscope

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27
Q

Microscope used to observe living, unstained preparations.

A. Bright-field microscope
B. Dark-field microscope
C. Phase-contrast microscope
D. Fluorescence microscope
E. Confocal microscope

A

Dark-field microscopy

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28
Q

Used to observe internal structure in eukaryotic microorganisms.

A. Bright-field microscope
B. Dark-field microscope
C. Phase-contrast microscope
D. Fluorescence microscope
E. Confocal microscope

A

Dark-field microscope

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29
Q

In using dark-field microscope, very thin histological sections can be used if unstained or only certain components are stained in silver stains.

A. True
B. False

A

True

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30
Q

Converts differences in refractive index/cell density into detected variations in light intensity.

A. Bright-field microscope
B. Dark-field microscope
C. Phase-contrast microscope
D. Fluorescence microscope
E. Confocal microscope

A

Phase-contrast microscope

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31
Q

Some light rays from hollow cone of light passing through unstained cell slowed/out of phase (dark against bright background).

A. Bright-field microscope
B. Dark-field microscope
C. Phase-contrast microscope
D. Fluorescence microscope
E. Confocal microscope

A

Phase-contrast microscope

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32
Q

Excellent way to observe living cells.

A. Bright-field microscope
B. Dark-field microscope
C. Phase-contrast microscope
D. Fluorescence microscope
E. Confocal microscope

A

Phase-contrast microscope

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33
Q

Creates image by detecting differences in refractive indices and thickness of different parts of specimen.

A

Differential Interference Contrast Microscope (DIC)

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34
Q

Which of the following best describes the use of DIC as an excellent way to observe living cells?

A. Live, unstained cells appear brightly colored and three-dimensional.
B. Cell walls, endospores, granules, vacuoles, and nuclei are clearly visible.
C. Live, stained cells appear darkly colored and three-dimensional.
D. A and B only

A

A and B only

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35
Q

Exposes specimen to ultraviolet, violet, or blue light.

A. Bright-field microscope
B. Dark-field microscope
C. Phase-contrast microscope
D. Fluorescence microscope
E. Confocal microscope

A

Fluorescence microscope

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36
Q

Stain used in fluorescence microscopy.

A

Fluorochromes

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37
Q

Shows a bright image of the object resulting from the fluorescent light emitted by the specimen

A. Bright-field microscope
B. Dark-field microscope
C. Phase-contrast microscope
D. Fluorescence microscope
E. Confocal microscope

A

Fluorescence microscope

38
Q

It has applications in medical microbiology and microbial ecology studies.

A. Bright-field microscope
B. Dark-field microscope
C. Phase-contrast microscope
D. Fluorescence microscope
E. Confocal microscope

A

Fluorescence microscope

39
Q

Creates sharp, composite 3D image of specimens by using laser beam, aperture to eliminate stray light, and computer interface.

A. Bright-field microscope
B. Dark-field microscope
C. Phase-contrast microscope
D. Fluorescence microscope
E. Confocal microscope

A

Confocal microscope

40
Q

Confocal microscopy has numerous applications including study of biofilms.

A. True
B. False

A

True

41
Q

Use beams of electrons to create highly magnified images.

A. Light microscope
B. Electron microscope

A

Electron microscope

42
Q

Electrons replace light as the ‘illuminating’ beam.

A. Light microscope
B. Electron microscope

A

Electron microscope

43
Q

It electron microscopy, the wavelength of electron beam is much shorter than light, resulting in much higher resolution.

A. True
B. False

A

True

44
Q

Electrons replace light as the ‘illuminating’ beam.

A. Light microscope
B. Electron microscope

A

Electron microscope

45
Q

In Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), electrons scatter when they pass through thin sections of a specimen.

A. True
B. False

A

True

46
Q

In TEM, transmitted electrons are under vacuum which reduces scatter and are used to produce clear image. Additionally, denser regions in specimen scatter more electrons and appear darker.

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the first statement is true
D. Only the second statement is true

A

Both statements are true

47
Q

Analogous to procedures used for light microscopy.

A. Microscope preparation
B. Specimen preparation
C. Staining preparation
D. None of the above

A

Specimen preparation

48
Q

For transmission electron microscopy, specimens must be cut very thin.

A. True
B. False

A

True

49
Q

Specimens are chemically fixed and stained with electron dense materials, such as heavy metals, that differentially scatter electrons.

A. True
B. False

A

True

50
Q

Freezes specimen then fracture along longs of greatest weakness.

A. Freeze-etching
B. Staining
C. Freezing
D. Embedding

A

Freeze-etching

51
Q

It allows for 3D observation of shapes of intracellular structures.

A. Freeze-etching
B. Staining
C. Freezing
D. Embedding

A

Freeze-etching

52
Q

Freeze-etching reduces artifacts.

A. True
B. False

A

True

53
Q

Uses electron excited from the surface of a specimen to create a detailed image.

A. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
B. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

A

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

54
Q

Produces realistic 3D image of specimen’s surface features.

A. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
B. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

A

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

55
Q

It can determine actual in situ location of microorganisms in ecological niches.

A. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
B. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

A

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

56
Q

Rapid freezing technique provides way to preserve native state of structures examined in vacuum.

A. Microscopic cryotomography
B. Electron cryotomography

A

Electron Cryotomography

57
Q

Images are recorded from many different directions to create 3D structures.

A. Microscopic cryotomography
B. Electron cryotomography

A

Electron cryotomography

58
Q

It provides extremely high resolution images of cytoskeletal elements, magnetosomes, inclusion bodies, flagellar motors, viral structures.

A. Microscopic cryotomography
B. Electron cryotomography

A

Electron cryotomography

59
Q

Staining specimens help to visualize tissues.

A. True
B. False

A

True

60
Q

The following describes the preparation and staining of specimens except:

A. Increases visibility of specimen
B. Accentuates specific morphological features
C. Preserves specimens
D. All of the above

A

All of the above

61
Q

Preserves internal and external structures and fixes in position.

A

Fixation

62
Q

In dehydration, organisms are usually killed and firmly attached to microscope slide.

A. True
B. False

A

False

63
Q

Fixation that is routinely used with bacteria and archaea.

A. Heat fixation
B. Chemical fixation
C. Physical fixation
D. Biological fixation

A

Heat fixation

64
Q

It preserves overall morphology but not internal structures.

A. Heat fixation
B. Chemical fixation
C. Physical fixation
D. Biological fixation

A

Heat fixation

65
Q

Fixation that is used in larger and more delicate organisms.

A. Heat fixation
B. Chemical fixation
C. Physical fixation
D. Biological fixation

A

Chemical fixation

66
Q

It protects fine cellular substructure and morphology.

A. Heat fixation
B. Chemical fixation
C. Physical fixation
D. Biological fixation

A

Chemical fixation

67
Q

Makes internal and external structures of cell more visible by increasing contrast with background.

A. Stains
B. Dyes

A

Dyes

68
Q

Have positively charged groups that bind to negatively charged molecules such as nucleic acids, many proteins, and the surfaces of bacterial and archaeal cells.

A. Acidic dyes
B. Basic dyes

A

Basic dyes

69
Q

These are dyes in their ionized form that have a negative charge and bind to positively charged cell structures.

A. Acidic dyes
B. Basic dyes

A

Acidic dyes

70
Q

Identify what kind of dye:
Methylene blue

A

Basic dyes

71
Q

Identify what kind of dye:
Basic fuchsin

A

Basic dyes

72
Q

Identify what kind of dye:
Crystal violet

A

Basic dyes

73
Q

Identify what kind of dye:
Safranin

A

Basic dyes

74
Q

Identify what kind of dye:
Malachite green

A

Basic dyes

75
Q

Identify what kind of dye:
Eosin

A

Acidic dyes

76
Q

Identify what kind of dye:
Rose bengal

A

Acidic dyes

77
Q

Identify what kind of dye:
Acid fuchsin

A

Acidic dyes

78
Q

Ionizable dyes have charged groups.

A. True
B. False

A

True

79
Q

Basic dyes have negative charges. While the acid dyes have positive charges.

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the first statement is true
D. Only the second statement is true

A

Both statements are false

80
Q

A single stain is used.

A. Basic stains
B. Acidic stains
C. Neutral stains
D. Simple stains

A

Simple stains

81
Q

Used to determine size, shape, and arrangement of bacteria.

A. Basic stains
B. Acidic stains
C. Neutral stains
D. Simple stains

A

Simple stains

82
Q

Divides microorganisms into groups based on their staining properties.

A. Basic stains
B. Acidic stains
C. Differential staining
D. Simple stains

A

Differential staining

83
Q

Stains used in differential staining.

A

Gram stain
Acid-fast stain

84
Q

Stains that are used to detect presence or absence of structures.

A. Basic stains
B. Acidic stains
C. Differential stains
D. Simple stains

A

Differential stains

85
Q

Useful for staining members of genus Mycobacterium.

A. Gram staining
B. Acid-fast staining

A

Acid-fast staining

86
Q

Acid-fast staining is useful for staining members of genus called?

A

Mycobacterium

87
Q

It causes tuberculosis.

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

88
Q

It causes leprosy.

A

Mycobacterium leprae

89
Q

It is responsible for their staining characteristics.

A

High lipid content (mycolic acid)

90
Q

In gram stain, purple cells are gram positive, while red cells are gram negative. While in acid-fast stain, red cells are acid-fast, and blue cells are non-acid-fast.

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the first statement is true
D. Only the second statement is true

A

Both statements are true

histo lab (4 decks)

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