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Year 5 Path Histopathology > Fundamentals of Histopathology + Advance Pathology > Flashcards

Fundamentals of Histopathology + Advance Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What white Blood Cells are these?
What do they show on histology?

A

Neutrophils

Associated with acute inflammation

Neurofils: Multilobular with granulocytes

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2
Q

What celll is this?
What process are they associated with?

A

Lymphocytes (but neutrophils are seen in the crypt)

Associated with chronic inflammation (+lymphomas)

Slide shown from pt with UC with acute on chronic inflammation

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3
Q

What cells is this?

What pathological processes are they associated with?

A

Eosinophil (binuclear + granule)

Associated with
Allergic reactions
Parasitic infections
Tumours (e.g. Hodgkin’s disease)

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4
Q

What cells is this?

What pathological processes are they associated with?

A

Mast cell

Acute allergic reactions

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5
Q

What cells is this?

What pathological processes are they associated with?

A

Macrophage

Associated with
Late acute inflammation
Chronic inflammation (incl. granulomas)

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6
Q

What is the histoligical makeup of granulomas?

A

A collection of activated (secretory) macrophages

Epithelioud macrophages

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7
Q

What is a carcinoma?

A

Malignant tumour of epithelial cells

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8
Q

What is a sarcoma?

A

Malignant tumour of connective tissue

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9
Q

What are the histological characteristics of Squamous cell carcinomas?

A

Keratin producing
Intercellular bridges

Picture: Normal Squamous cell epithelium

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10
Q

What are the histological characteristics of Adeno carcinomas?

A

Mucin producing
Glands

Adenocarcinoma of the large bowel

Can also be stained blue with Mucin stain

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11
Q

What histochemical stain would you perform to detect Melanomas?

A

Fontana stain
+ve for melanin

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12
Q

What histochemical stain would you perform to detect Amyloidosis?

A

+ve for Amyloid

Congo red + apple green birefringence

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13
Q

What histological stain would you use to stain copper?

A

Rhodanine stain

Golden brown against blue counterstain +ve for copper (Wilson’s disease)

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14
Q

What histological stains would you use to detect Haemochromoatosis?

A

2 stains +ve for iron
1. Prussian Blue
2. Perl’s stain

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15
Q

What stain can be used to detect Carcinomas?

A

Cytokeratin

Positive for all epithelial cells

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16
Q

What immunological stain can be used to detect lymphomas?

A

CD45 stain (+ve for virtually all lymph cells)

17
Q

What cell lineage are teratomas derived from?

A

Germ cell tumour
(can contain tissues from any 3 layers of embryo)

18
Q

What is the usual oncological classification of Teratomas?

A

Mature and immature

Mature: containing mature tissues, usually better prognosis

Immature: embryological cells, usually worse prognosis

19
Q

What is the usual prognosis of teratomas in the ovaries vs testis?

A

Ovaries: usually “benign”

Testis: usually “malignant”

20
Q

What is the most common site for teratomas to occur?

A

Ovaries (ovaries >testis)

Other locations (e.g. germ cells left behing e.g. middle of the body: pineal, base of the skull, mediastinum, retroperitoneum and sacro-coccygeal area)

But incidence of testicular teratomas increasing

21
Q

What is a dermoid cyst?

A

Mature cystic teratoma

22
Q

What can happens, when a mature monodermal cystic teratoma (dermoid cyst) undergoes malignant transformation?

A

Rare but

can develop any malignant tumour type

23
Q

How are teratomas graded?

A

Usually by the amount of immature neural tissue (the more, the higher the grade)

24
Q

What immunohistochemical markers can be used to identify Neuroendocrine tumours?

A
  • Chromogranin
  • Synaptophysin
  • CD56 (also stains NK cells)

or presence of individual hormones (gastrin, serotonin, insulin etc.)

25
Q

What sites do neuroendocrine tumours most commonly arise?

A

Usually from the GI tract

Foregut: Lung Bronchus (20-30%)
Pancrease, Small intestine, Colon

Others: Skin, Thymus etc.

26
Q

How are neuroendocrine tumours graded?

A

Based in mitosis (the higher the higher grade) and

Ki-67 index marker of cell proliferation

27
Q

What is Zöllinger-Ellison syndrome?

A

Tumours of the pancreas/ dueodemum that are gastrin secretion causing

  1. Gastric hypersecretion
  2. Peptic ulcers

Year 5 Path Histopathology (19 decks)

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