Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the respiratory system

A

Deliver O2 to the cells
Remove waste gases
Protect your airways from harmful substances and irritants

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2
Q

What two parts is the respiratory system split into

A

Upper and lower

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3
Q

Which structures make up the upper respiratory tract

A

Nasal cavity, pharynx and larynx

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4
Q

What structures make up the lower respiratory tract

A

Trachea, Bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli and alveolar ducts

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5
Q

Which of the lungs is bigger (why)

A

Right lung because the heart is on the left

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6
Q

What muscle separates the thoracic and abdominal cavity

A

Diaphragm

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7
Q

List the structures of the respiratory tract in order

A

Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, alveoli, alveolar ducts

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8
Q

What structure allows the alveoli to expand

A

Elastic fibres

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9
Q

Why is it important alveoli expand

A

To increase surface area

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10
Q

What is a conducting zone

A

All the structures that air must pass through to reach the lungs

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11
Q

What is a respiratory zone

A

The site of gas exchange (alveoli)

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12
Q

What is the diameter of an alveoli

A

0.2mm

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13
Q

Roughly how many alveoli are there

A

8 million sacs (300 million alveoli)

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14
Q

What 3 structures make up respiratory epithelium

A

Goblet cells, lumen, cilia

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15
Q

What is e role of goblet cells

A

To produce mucus

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16
Q

What is the role of cilia

A

To waft mucus away from the lungs

17
Q

What is ventilation

A

Movement of air in and out of the lungs through breathing

18
Q

What is boyles law (ventilation)

A

States that pressure and volume of a gas have an inverse relationship. If volume increases, pressure will decrease and vice versa (when the temperature is held constant)

19
Q

What is a active process (inspiration or expiration)

A

Inspiration

20
Q

What happens in the process of inspiration

A

External intercostals lift ribs upwards and outwards, diaphragm contracts and moves downwards, chest cavity expands

21
Q

Is expiration a passive or active process at rest?

A

Passive

22
Q

What happens during expiration

A

Muscles of inspiration relax (external intercostals and diaphram relax) and chest cavity returns to normal size

23
Q

What are the primary inspiratory muscles

A

Diaphram, external intercostals

24
Q

What are the accessory inspiratory muscles

A

Sternocleidomastoid, scalene, pectoralis major, serratus anterior

25
Q

Primary expiratory muscles

A

Diaphram relaxes, pressure differences

26
Q

Accessory expiratory muscles

A

Internal intercostals, transverse thoracis, external oblique, rectus abdominis, internal oblique

27
Q

What 3 ways does the oxygen get to the cell for respiration

A

Pulmonary ventilation (breathing)
Alveolar ventilation (O2 into lungs for blood diffusion)
Cellular ventilation (O2 diffuse across plasma membrane into the cell for respiration)