Physiology

Question 1

Functions of the respiratory system

Answer 1

Deliver O2 to the cells
Remove waste gases
Protect your airways from harmful substances and irritants

Question 2

What two parts is the respiratory system split into

Answer 2

Upper and lower

Question 3

Which structures make up the upper respiratory tract

Answer 3

Nasal cavity, pharynx and larynx

Question 4

What structures make up the lower respiratory tract

Answer 4

Trachea, Bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli and alveolar ducts

Question 5

Which of the lungs is bigger (why)

Answer 5

Right lung because the heart is on the left

Question 6

What muscle separates the thoracic and abdominal cavity

Answer 6

Diaphragm

Question 7

List the structures of the respiratory tract in order

Answer 7

Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, alveoli, alveolar ducts

Question 8

What structure allows the alveoli to expand

Answer 8

Elastic fibres

Question 9

Why is it important alveoli expand

Answer 9

To increase surface area

Question 10

What is a conducting zone

Answer 10

All the structures that air must pass through to reach the lungs

Question 11

What is a respiratory zone

Answer 11

The site of gas exchange (alveoli)

Question 12

What is the diameter of an alveoli

Answer 12

0.2mm

Question 13

Roughly how many alveoli are there

Answer 13

8 million sacs (300 million alveoli)

Question 14

What 3 structures make up respiratory epithelium

Answer 14

Goblet cells, lumen, cilia

Question 15

What is e role of goblet cells

Answer 15

To produce mucus

Question 16

What is the role of cilia

Answer 16

To waft mucus away from the lungs

Question 17

What is ventilation

Answer 17

Movement of air in and out of the lungs through breathing

Question 18

What is boyles law (ventilation)

Answer 18

States that pressure and volume of a gas have an inverse relationship. If volume increases, pressure will decrease and vice versa (when the temperature is held constant)

Question 19

What is a active process (inspiration or expiration)

Answer 19

Inspiration

Question 20

What happens in the process of inspiration

Answer 20

External intercostals lift ribs upwards and outwards, diaphragm contracts and moves downwards, chest cavity expands

Question 21

Is expiration a passive or active process at rest?

Answer 21

Passive

Question 22

What happens during expiration

Answer 22

Muscles of inspiration relax (external intercostals and diaphram relax) and chest cavity returns to normal size

Question 23

What are the primary inspiratory muscles

Answer 23

Diaphram, external intercostals

Question 24

What are the accessory inspiratory muscles

Answer 24

Sternocleidomastoid, scalene, pectoralis major, serratus anterior

Question 25

Primary expiratory muscles

Answer 25

Diaphram relaxes, pressure differences

Question 26

Accessory expiratory muscles

Answer 26

Internal intercostals, transverse thoracis, external oblique, rectus abdominis, internal oblique

Question 27

What 3 ways does the oxygen get to the cell for respiration

Answer 27

Pulmonary ventilation (breathing)
Alveolar ventilation (O2 into lungs for blood diffusion)
Cellular ventilation (O2 diffuse across plasma membrane into the cell for respiration)