Week 4

Question 1

erect stance

Answer 1

standing up vertically with the limbs beneath you. Provides passive support. Also the entire limb can contribute to the stride making them faster

Question 2

Cursorial

Answer 2

fast locomotion from elongated limbs (lower leg bones the most) below the elbows and knees
-usually digitigrade or unguiligrade

Question 3

Digitigrade

Answer 3

stands only on their toes

Question 4

Unguligrade

Answer 4

stands on oversized toenails

Question 5

Plantigrade

Answer 5

stand on the flat of your feet

Question 6

Graviportal

Answer 6

adapted for extreme body weight so are robust and heavy
-little joint movement

Question 7

Obligate bipeds

Answer 7

mostly walk and run on two limbs

Question 8

obligate quadrupeds

Answer 8

mostly walk and run on four limbs

Question 9

facultative bipeds

Answer 9

walk on four legs but can rise and run on two

Question 10

the caudofemoralis

Answer 10

muscles found in the tails of crocodiles and many birds
-pulls backwards to aid movement
-attached to the trochanter (only in animals with a caudogemoralis)

Question 11

Trochanter

Answer 11

only found in animals with a caudofemoralis is the attachment point
-if placed low on the limb it is for strength and endurance
-if placed close to the hip it is for speed

Question 12

Ichnofossils

Answer 12

trances of biological activity (footprints, tooth marks)

Question 13

Footprint fossilization

Answer 13

has to be made is soft mud but with a hard underlayer (usually found in the muddy banks of old rivers)

Question 14

ectotherm

Answer 14

cold blooded
-better for energy management
-but can’t be active at night or in the morning

Question 15

endotherm

Answer 15

warm blooded
-need more energy
-but can be active whenever

Question 16

histology

Answer 16

study of slicing bones open (osteons)

Question 17

gigantothermic

Answer 17

idea that even if they were ectothermic their Volume to surface ratio keeps them from losing energy quickly