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DPT > Medical Conditions > Flashcards

Medical Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Normal Potassium Lab Values

A

3.5-5.3 mEq/L

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2
Q

Hyperkalemia lab value

A

> 5.3 mEq/L

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3
Q

Critical potassium lab value

A

> 7 mEq/L

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4
Q

S & S of hyperkalemia

A

Fatigue, muscle weakness, flaccid paralysis, paresthesias

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5
Q

ECG of hyperkalemia

A

widening of QRS progressing to v-tach/fib; cardiac arrest

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6
Q

Hypokalemia lab value

A

<3.5 mEq/L

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7
Q

Critical lab value hypokalemia

A

< 3 mEq/L

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8
Q

S&S hypokalemia

A

Fatigue, muscle weakness, fasciculations, paralysis, respiratory failure

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9
Q

ECG of hypokalemia

A

ST segment depression, PVC/PAC, ventricular/atrial tacharrhythmias, and 2nd or 3rd degree AV block, v-fib

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10
Q

Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) normal values and what medicine it measures the effectiveness of?

A

32-70 seconds; Heparin

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11
Q

Prothrombin Time (PT) normal values and what medicine it measures the effectiveness of?

A

12-15 seconds; Warfarin (coumadin)

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12
Q

What lab do you need to consistently take if on Warfarin (Coumadin)?

A

INR

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13
Q

Normal values for INR

A

0.8-1.2

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14
Q

Total cholesterol

A

<200mg/dL

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15
Q

HDL normal values

A

40-59 mg/dL

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16
Q

What LDL value is associated with increased CV risk?

A

> 130 mg/dL

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17
Q

What triglyceride value is associated with increased CV risk?

A

> 150 mg/dL

18
Q

What lab measures the effectiveness of DOAC and NOAC drugs?

A

Anti-Factor Xa

19
Q

Action of Statins

A

inhibit hepatic cholesterol synthesis

20
Q

What point of CAD would you give Statins?

A

atherosclerotic plaque not clotted yet

21
Q

Side effects of statins

A

Liver dysfunction, myalgias/arthralgia, rhabdomyolysis & acute renal failure

22
Q

Action of antiplatelets & anticoagulants

A

decrease clot formation & propagation

23
Q

Examples of anticoagulants

A

heparin, warfarin, NOAC/DOAC

24
Q

Side effects of antiplatelets and anticoagulants

A

risk of bleeding (CVA), GI upset & bleedig

25
Q

Action of thrombolytics

A

breakdown clot

26
Q

Side effect of thrombolytic

A

high bleeding risk

27
Q

What part of the coagulation cascade does thrombolytics act on?

A

fibrin

28
Q

Action of beta blockers

A

negative chronotropic and inotropic effects, neurohumoral protection

29
Q

Side effects of beta blockers

A

Bronchospasm (non-selective), bradycardia, hypotension

30
Q

Action of nitrates

A

relax vascular smooth muscle by liberated NO

31
Q

Side effects of nitrates

A

Hypotension c̅ reflex tachycardia, headache, nausea/vomiting, weakness

32
Q

Actions of ACE inhibitors

A

Decrease angiotensin II –> ateriodilation/decrease afterload
Decrease aldosterone release –> diuresis
Neurohumoral protection

33
Q

Side effects of ACE inhibitors

A

hypotension, cough, angioedema

34
Q

Action of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)

A

blocks activation of angiotensin II receptor and decreases aldosterone secretion

35
Q

Side effects of ARBs

A

hypotension, fatigue, hyperkalemia

36
Q

Actions of diuretics

A

diuresis, venodilation (preload reduction), control pulmonary & peripheral “congestion”

37
Q

Common types of diuretics

A

loop, thiazide, potassium sparing diuretics

38
Q

Side effects of diuretics

A

hypotension/hypovolemia, electrolyte abnormalities (loop/thiazides: hypokalemia, potassium sparking: hyperkalemia)

39
Q

Action of inotropes

A

enhances intracellular Ca2+ by inhibiting Na+/K+ pump; enhances contractility/inotropy

40
Q

Side effects of inotropes

A

dysrhythmias, hypotension, fatigue

41
Q

Action of calcium channel blockers

A

block Ca2+ entry into cell and decreasing smooth mm. contraction (vasodilation)
Decrease HR

42
Q

Side effects of calcium channel blockers

A

Hypotension and dizziness, headache, fatigue, bradycardia

DPT (8 decks)

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