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MCC > Quiz 3 Cancers > Flashcards

Quiz 3 Cancers Flashcards

1
Q

What is the etiology of Retinoblastoma?

A
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2
Q

What percent of Retinoblastoma patients inherited their “first hit” from a parent?

A

40%

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3
Q

The pathology seen in this photo is suggestive of what kind of cancer?

A

Retinoblastoma

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4
Q

What kind of tumor is most commonly found in patients with an average age of 3 years, and is the most common malignant renal tumor in children?

A

Wilms tumor

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5
Q

What three syndromes have a high propensity for developing a Wilms tumor?

A

WAGR syndrome- WT1 deletion

Denys-Drash syndrome- WT1 zinc finger point mutation

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome- WT2 overexpression

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6
Q

What is notable about WAGR syndrome?

A

WT1 deletion
Nephrogenic rest formation
30% risk of Wilms tumor

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7
Q

What is notable about Denys-Drash syndrome

A
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8
Q

What is notable about Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome?

A
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9
Q

What cancer is suggested by these clinical symptoms?

A

Wilms tumor

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10
Q

What is notable about Wilms tumor histology?

A

Small round blue cells (blastemal cells)

stromal and epithelial patterns

Anaplasia correlates with loss of p53

CD99+

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11
Q

How is Wilms tumor treated?

A

Depending on extent, nephrectomy and chemotherapy

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12
Q

What kind of cancer is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children?

A

Neuroblastoma

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13
Q

What is the etiology of Neuroblastoma?

A
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14
Q

What cancer best matches this presentation of symptoms?

A

Neuroblastoma

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15
Q

What histological features of a Neuroblastoma are most significant?

A

Presence of neuropils and
Homer-Wright pseudorosettes

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16
Q

What pediatric musculoskeletal tumor is most common in boys under 15 yo?

A

Ewing sarcoma

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17
Q

What is the difference between a Ganglioneuroblastoma and a Ganglioneuroma?

A

Both have ganglion cells and schwannian stroma but only GNB has neuropil

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18
Q

What type of cancer is suggested by this etiology? What is especially important to note?

A

Ewing Sarcoma

t(11;22) translocation causing EWS and FLI1 fusion

more common in diaphysis of long bones

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19
Q

These symptoms may suggest what type(s) of cancer?

A

Osteosarcoma
Ewing sarcoma

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20
Q

Which type of cancer may be indicated by these histological findings? What is most significant?

A

Ewing sarcoma

Little or no pleiomorphism

Homer-Wright pseudorosettes

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21
Q

What type of cancer best fits these epidemiologic characteristics?

A

Osteosarcoma

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22
Q

What characteristics of osteosarcoma are most significant?

A

Production of osteoid
most common in metaphysis
Often found with tumor supressor mutation

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23
Q

For what type of pedatric musculoskeletal cancer can this treatment be used?

A

Osteosarcoma

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24
Q

What histological features of Osteosarcoma are most noteworthy?

A

X-ray: sunburst pattern

Histo: Pleomorphic cells
Lace-like architecture with osteoid

25
Q

What is the most common soft-tissue sarcoma in children?

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma

26
Q

What are the four msot notable types of rhabdomyosarcoma?

A

Embryonal RMS
Alveolar RMS
Spindle cell/sclerosing RMS
Pleimorphic RMS

27
Q

Rank the four types of RMS from least to most favorable

A

Pleiomorphic RMS < Alveolar RMS < Spindle cell RMS < Embryonal RMS

28
Q

What is notable about Embryonal RMS?

A

Most common type (60%)
subclass: Botyroid RMS
median age 6.5 years

29
Q

What is notable about alveolar RMS?

A

median age 12 years
t (2;13) PAX3-FOXO1a (agg)
t(1;13) PAX7-FOXO1a
more common in deep muscles of extremities

30
Q

What is notable about Spindle cell/sclerosing RMS?

A

age dependent prognosis (more favorable for children)
MYOD1 &NCOA2 mutations

31
Q

What is notable about Pleiomorphic RMS?

A
32
Q

What is the etiology of cancer initiated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons?

A

G to T DNA transversions

33
Q

What are the two most carcinogenic compounds found in cigarette smoke?

A

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitrosamines

34
Q

What are two other risk factors for cancer besides smoking and air quality?

A

Radon and Asbestos

35
Q

What is the leading cause of lung cancer?

A

smoking (85%)

36
Q

What is the second greatest cause of lung cancer?

A

Radon

37
Q

When should screening for lung cancer be done?

A

At age 55

> 30 pack year history

currently smoke or quit in last 15 years

38
Q

What is the usual sequence of diagnosis for lung cancer?

A
39
Q

What type of cancer best fits this epidemiologic profile?

A

Small cell lung cancer

40
Q

What type of cancer best fits this etiology? What is most significant?

A

Small cell lung cancer; arises from neuroendocrine cells, and rapidly grows and metastasizes

41
Q

What paraneoplastic syndromes are associated with small cell lung cancer?

A
42
Q

What is the most common staging for small cell lung cancer?

A
43
Q

What type of cancer is best represented by this histological profile?

A

Small cell lung cancer

44
Q

An immunohistochemistry report involving the following would suggest what type of cancer?

A

Small cell lung cancer

45
Q

What treatment would be adminstered for small cell lung cancer?

A
46
Q

What is the staging for NSCLC?

A
47
Q

What paraneoplastic syndrome is associated with squamous cell carcinoma?

A
48
Q

What type of cancer best matches this histological profile?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung

49
Q

What types of lung cancer are more common in men? Which types are centrally located?

A

small cell lung cancer
squamous cell carcinoma

50
Q

What type of lung cancer is peripherally located?

A

adenocarcinoma of the lung

51
Q

What are the associated paraneoplastic syndromes of adenocarcinoma of the lung?

A
52
Q

In what three enzymes do patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung often have mutations?

A
53
Q

What is the most common lung cancer of non-smokers?

A

adenocarcinoma of the lung

54
Q

Increased expression of TTF-1 and/or Cytokeratin 7 would be suggestive of what type of cancer?

A

adenocarcinonma of the lung

55
Q

Adenocarcinoma of the lung is most common in what three demographics?

A

Asians
women
non-smokers

56
Q

This histological profile best matches what type of cancer?

A

Adenocarcinoma of the lung

57
Q

This profile best matches what type of cancer?

A

Large cell carcinoma

58
Q

This profile is most consistant with what type of neoplasm?

A

Carcinoid

MCC (10 decks)

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