Introduction and Theory

Question 1

Freud’s theory of development

Answer 1

Psychocoanalytic
Id: unconscious, present at birth, biological needs and desires
Ego: conscious, rational part of the personality, redirect the Id’s impulses more acceptably, develops in early infancy
Superego: conscience, develops between 3 and 6 years old from interaction with caregivers
5 stages of development are where these 3 become integrated

Question 2

Psychosocial (Erikson): Birth-1

Answer 2

basic trust vs mistrust

Question 3

Psychosocial (Erikson): 1-3

Answer 3

autonomy vs shame and doubt

Question 4

Psychosocial (Erikson): 3-6

Answer 4

initiative vs guilt

Question 5

Psychosocial (Erikson): 6-11

Answer 5

industry vs inferiority

Question 6

Psychosocial (Erikson): adolescence

Answer 6

identity role vs confusion

Question 7

Psychosocial (Erikson): early adulthood

Answer 7

intimacy vs isolation

Question 8

Psychosocial (Erikson): middle adulthood

Answer 8

generativity vs stagnation

Question 9

Psychosocial (Erikson): Late adulthood

Answer 9

integrity vs despair

Question 10

Piaget: birth-2 yrs

Answer 10

sensorimotor, senses and movement to explore world, invent ways of solving sensorimotor problems

Question 11

Piaget: 2-7

Answer 11

pre-operational, use symbols, develop language, play make believe, thinking is still lacking

Question 12

Piaget: 7-11

Answer 12

concrete operational, thinking logical and reasonable but not yet abstract

Question 13

What special ethical concerns arise in research on human development?

Answer 13

protection from harm
informed consent
privacy
knowledge of results
beneficial treatment

Question 14

Resilience in early childhood development (and what factors promote it)

Answer 14

can be very resilient especially early in childhood
adapting in the face of threats to development
Factors: personal characteristics, warm caregiver relationship, social support outside family, community resources and opportunities