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A&P > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

The major element of whole blood is __________.

A

plasma

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2
Q

Leukocytes make up less than 0.5% of whole blood; however, of that small value approximately __________ are lymphocytes.

A

20-25%

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3
Q

There are five major leukocytes. Which of the following is the rarest of the five when a person is not sick?

A

Basophiles

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4
Q

Some of the leukocytes have granules in their cytosol that consist of a variety of chemicals involved in defending the body. Which of the following cells typically do NOT contain granules?

A

Lymphocytes

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5
Q

Leukocytes can be partially identified by looking at their nucleus. All leukocytes have just one nucleus, but some have several lobes to their nucleus. Which of the following does NOT have a multi‐lobed nucleus?

A

lymphocytes

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6
Q

Histamine is a chemical that causes blood vessels to dilate in an effort to increase the flow of blood and subsequently leukocytes to the infected site. Which of the following leukocytes release the most histamine?

A

basophils

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7
Q

Which of the following leukocytes do not have multi‐lobed nuclei?

A

lymphocytes and monocytes

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8
Q

Most leukocytes will leave the bloodstream and function to kill bacteria, etc., often times dying in the process. These leukocytes do not return to the bloodstream. Which of the following leukocytes are the only ones that can leave and return to the bloodstream?

A

lymphocytes

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9
Q

Which of the following leukocytes have the ability to produce antibodies?

A

lymphocytes

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10
Q

Neutrophils are referred to as polymorphonuclear leukocytes because __________.

A

their nucleus can take on a variety of shapes

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11
Q

Neutrophils are attracted to the site of an infection due to the process of __________.

A

Chemotaxis

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12
Q

Phagocytosis is a process where some leukocytes (such as neutrophils) can __________.

A

engulf and kill bacteria

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13
Q

Which of the following leukocytes respond when a person is allergic to something?

A

eosinophils

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14
Q

Which of the following characteristics of erythrocytes allow for the easy exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide?

A

flattened shape

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15
Q

Erythrocytes transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. How many oxygen atoms can one erythrocyte transport?

A

1 billion

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16
Q

Oxygen binds to the __________ portion of hemoglobin.

A

iron

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17
Q

Carbon dioxide binds the __________ portion of hemoglobin.

A

amino acid

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18
Q

Carbon monoxide is a deadly gas and binds to hemoglobin when inhaled. It creates problems because it binds to the same site as oxygen does, competing for the same binding site. This ultimately causes the erythrocyte to deliver carbon monoxide instead of oxygen to the tissues. Which of the following is the binding site for carbon monoxide?

A

iron

19
Q

Megakaryocytes leave the bone marrow and enter the bloodstream by passing through the walls of capillaries. In the process of passing through the pores in the capillaries, the megakaryocytes fragment. These fragments are __________.

A

platelets

20
Q

The process of blood clotting is called __________.

A

hemostasis

21
Q

Which of the following is the greatest component of plasma?

A

water

22
Q

Fibrinogen is a __________ that is transported via the plasma of blood.

A

clotting protein

23
Q

Antigens are:

A

found on the surface of RBC

24
Q

Which of the following statements is true of antigen-antibody interactions?

A

They are used to identify and reject microorganisms, such as viruses and bacteria, that invade our bodies.

25
Q

Basophil stain

A

blue with basic dye methylene blue

26
Q

Eosinophil stain

A

red/orange with acidic dye eosin

27
Q

Neutrophil stain

A

lilac with mix of acidic and basic dyes

28
Q

Neutrophils reference range

A

40-80%

29
Q

Lymphocytes reference range

A

20-40%

30
Q

Monocytes reference range

A

2-10%

31
Q

Eosinophils reference range

A

1-6%

32
Q

Basophils reference range

A

<1-2%

33
Q

Type A has________ antigens and _______ antibodies in the plasma

A

A antigens and B antibodies

34
Q

Type B has________ antigens and _______ antibodies in the plasma

A

B antigens and A antibodies

35
Q

Type AB has________ antigens and _______ antibodies in the plasma

A

A & B antigens and No antibodies

36
Q

Type O has________ antigens and _______ antibodies in the plasma

A

No antigens and A & B antibodies

37
Q

Antibodies

A

Can be found in the blood plasma and reacts to foreign antigens

38
Q

Antigens

A

a toxin or other foreign substance which induces an immune response in the body

39
Q

Clotting process order

A

Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation

40
Q

Vascular Spasm

A

Smooth muscle contracts, causing vasoconstriction

41
Q

Platelet plug formation

A

injury to lining of vessel exposes collagen fibers; platelets adhere. Platelets then release chemicals that make nearby platelets sticky; platelet plug forms

42
Q

Coagulation

A

Fibrin forms a mesh that traps red blood cells and platelets, forming the clot

43
Q

Agglutination

A

This is good! When you are doing blood typing, when the blood type agglutinates that means it is positive. For Rh, agglutination means positive

A&P (8 decks)

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