vitamins nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Vitamin C is considered to be ANTI..

A

scurvy

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2
Q

What is the function of Vit C

A

-Co enzyme for hydroxylation reactions
(reducing agents )
-reduces Ferric to ferrous in Iron absorption
-Anti oxidant

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3
Q

what are the hydroxylation reactions that VIT C
participate in

A

-Hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen
synthesis.

-Bile acid formation

-corticosteroid synthesis in suprarenal gland

-Tyrosine catabolism and synthesis of
norepinephrine and epinephrine.

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4
Q

When does the vitamin C is concentrated in suprarenal gland

A

stress

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5
Q

vitamin C Deficiency causes
what can cause

A

scurvy
in diet poor or
excess in need (stress)

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6
Q

scurvy causes

A

Manifestations due to impaired
hydroxylation of proline and lysine in
collagen which leads to defective formation of
connective tissues, bone, cartilage and
dentine matrix

  • Microcytic hypochromic anemia: may
    occur due to extensive hemorrhage and
    defective iron absorption.
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7
Q

Vitamin B1 functions :

A

Co enzyme TPP and has role in
1- oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate
2- transketolase in HMP

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8
Q

Vitamin B1 deficiency causes :

A

Beri-beri (weakness);

Infantile beri beri: tachycardia , vomiting ,
convulsions,if not treated death

Wet beri beri (oedematous beri beri): CVS
manifestations as leg, trunk and face edema
due to heart failure .

Adult Dry beri beri ( neuritic beri beri):
CNS manifestations :muscle wasting ,
difficult walking, peripheral neuritis and finally
paralysis.

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9
Q

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome :

A

Acute deficiency is seen in alcoholics
and called cerebral Beri beri

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10
Q

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome causes paralysis of :

A

ocular muscles(nystagmus),.

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11
Q

Wernicke-Korsakoff manifestations:

A

encephalopathy, Ataxia, confusion,

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12
Q

Riboflavin (B2) charectarsitcs

A

composed of flavin ring attached to
D-Ribitol.

yellow colored
sensitive to light and high temperature,

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13
Q

2 active coenzymes are produced by Riboflavin B2 :
what are their function ?

A

FMN and FAD

both acting as
hydrogen carriers in enzymatic reactions
catalaysed by oxido-reductases

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14
Q

the importance of FMN and FAD are :

A

metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, some
amino acids and in respiratory chain for
ATP synthesis

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15
Q

in general deficiency in B family Vitamin cause:

A

corneal vascularization
dermatitis
glossitis
Cheilosis
Anemia erythroid hypoplasia

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16
Q

Niacin prevents

A

pellagra

17
Q

Niacin (nicotinic acid) and niacinamide form:

A

Both form Coenzymes :
NAD+
NADP+

18
Q

Niacin can be found in

A

widespread in plant and animal
sources: same sources as vitamin B1.

19
Q

Niacin can be synthesized from?
how much is produced ?

A

tryptophan
60 mg tryptophan —> 1 mg nicotinic acid

20
Q

NAD+
NADP+
are used as

A

hydrogen carriers for
oxidoreductases

21
Q

pellagra caused several thing :

A

-diet poor in niacin and tryptophan

-defective in absorption of tryptophan as in Hartnub disease

-high utilization as of tryptophan as in cancer

-Vitamin B6 deficiency because vitamin B6 is needed for niacin synthesis from tryptophan.

22
Q

Pellagra (rough skin): is
characterized by :

A

3 D ‘s:
diarrhea
dermatitis
dementia
and the 4th death

23
Q

diarrhea that caused by Pellagra starts with

A

glossitis (red inflamed tongue)
which is an early symptom.

there are also nausea and vomiting

24
Q

What are the areas that face dermatitis :

A

Areas exposed to sun light and mechanical pressure

show red (later brown), thick, rough and scaly
skin.

25
Q

dementia is

A

(degeneration of CNS). بله

26
Q

Vitamin B6 occurs in 3 forms are

and converted to

A

pyrodoxine, pyridoxal, and
pyridoxamine

active coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)

27
Q

identify the reactions that PLP participate in : and EX:

A

-transamination
Oxalate+glutmate–>aspartate + a ketoglutrate

-deamination
sereine–> pyruvate +NH3

-decarboxylation
histidine —> histamine +CO2

-condensation
Glycine+succinyl Coa —> aminoglycine acid

28
Q

PLP has role in producing energy as it :

A

Deaminate serien to produce Energy

29
Q

PLP in decarboxylation and transamination
is

A

Co decarboxylase
Co transaminase

30
Q

PLP function

A

-coenzyme particularly for enzymes that
catalyze reactions involving amino acids.

-PLP is required for the synthesis of niacin
from tryptophan.

-PLP is required for the synthesis of
neurotransmitters

-PLP is covalently linked to glycogen
phosphorylase

-PLP is essential for synthesis of
sphingolipids

31
Q

PLP is required for the synthesis of
neurotransmitters includes

A

Tryptophan —> Serotonin

Tyrosine–>Dopamine —> norepinephrine

Glutamate –>Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Histidine —> Histamine

32
Q

what can cause Vitamin B6 deficiency

A

-Alcoholics: because ethanol metabolism produces
acetaldehyde that inactivates PLP.
-Isoniazide (anti-tuberculous drug)
-Penicillamine

-Oral contraceptives cause vitamin B6 deficiency
in women and their suckling infants (after long use).

33
Q

Vitamin B6 is prescrped when you giv a patient an/a ?
as they form an in active complex with PLP

A

Isoniazide (anti-tuberculous drug):

Penicillamine

34
Q

Maanifestations of Vit B6 deficiency :

A

Neurological symptoms:
-Ocasionally sideroblastic anemia: (microcytic
anemia in presence of increase serum iron) due to impaired synthesis of heme.
-pellagra