Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Compounding?

A

The traditional method of preparing customized medications to help meet unique physician and patient needs.

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2
Q

Compounding pharmacists focus on providing what ?

A

Innovative ( مبتكرة) patient care. This may involve compounding an eye drop in a sterile compounding lab, preparing medications for veterinarians, or providing natural hormone replacement therapy.

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3
Q

The preparation steps are?

A
  1. Mixing
  2. Assembling
  3. Packaging, or labeling of a drug or device
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4
Q

what are the fundamental operations in compounding?

A

Weights and measures
Size reduction
Size separation
Filtration
Choosing the container
Filling the product
Label preparation
Rechecking of the product

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5
Q
  1. The closeness of the displayed weight (as measured by the balance, to the true
    weight, as known by the use of a calibration weight or weights)?
A

Accuracy

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6
Q

It is the relative degree of repeatability i.e. how closely the values within a series of replicate measurements agree.

A

Precision

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7
Q

Capacity means.?
Sensitivity means?

A

Capacity: The maximum weight (including containers and tars) that can be placed on a balance pan.

Sensitivity: The smallest weight that gives a perceptible change in the indicating element

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8
Q

An instrument for determining the relative weights of substance

A

Weighing apparatus

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9
Q

An instrument for determining the relative weights of substance.

A

Weighing apparatus

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10
Q

Weighing types?

A

Manual Weighing Balance: The local weighing apparatus is used. It is less sensitive. It consists of two pans. In one pan the weight is placed and in the other pan the drug is weighed in comparison to the weight. The drug is placed with the help of forceps. The measured weight is placed at right side of the weighing apparatus.

Digital Weighing Apparatus: modern way. It consists of a digital apparatus. First the watch glass is placed, and the weight of watch glass is turned auto-zero then the drug is placed onto it with forceps and weighed accurately.

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11
Q

The most common methods of size reduction used are. ?

A
  1. Trituration
  2. Levigation
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12
Q

The commonly used equipment for size reduction?

A
  1. Mortal and pestle
  2. Spatula and tile
  3. small grinder
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13
Q

Grinding means?

A

a process in which substances are reduced into coarse particles or fine powders

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14
Q

the process of grinding an insoluble substance to a fine powder, while wet

A

Levigation

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15
Q

Difference between trituration and levigation.

A

Levigation is wet grinding while trituration is dry grinding.

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16
Q

Desired properties of Container?

A
  1. The containers must be rigid enough to prevent damage to contents. For example, crushing of capsule, fracture of tablet.
  2. The material of the container must be inert i.e. it should not react with the contents present in it.
  3. It must be easy to label the container.
  4. It must be pharmaceutically elegant in appearance.
17
Q

TYPES OF CONTAINERS?

A

Depending upon the usage the containers are categorized into 7 types:
Well Closed
Air Tight Containers
Hermetically-Sealed Containers:
Light-resistant Containers:
Single dose Containers:
Multi dose Containers:
Aerosol Containers: